高考英语单元知识点复习Unit 10

unit 10
理解：要点诠释
单词
1.prevent
讲：v.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
常用结构:prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
例:the accident could have been prevented.
这次事故本来是可以防止的。
he is prevented by law from holding a licence.
按法律规定他不得持有执照。
nothing would prevent him speaking out against injustice.
什么也不能阻止他鸣不平。
thanks to the project and the kindness of his family and neighbours,wang lin was able to receive treatment in time to prevent the disease from ruining his health.
由于这项工程以及家人和邻居的热心，王林才能得到及时治疗，以阻止疾病损坏健康。
链接•提示
    该短语中的介词from在主动语态中可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省略；相似动词还有stop,keep等，但keep sb. from doing sth.和keep sb. doing sth.不同。
练:the teacher asked more________to prevent the students’ eyes from ________.
a.to do;injuring                              b.done;injuring
c.to be done;being injured                     d.being done;being injured
提示:本题考查动词的用法。第一个空为ask sb. to do sth.的被动形式；第二个空为prevent sb. from doing sth.的被动形式。
答案:c
2.cover
讲：v.cover用作动词时的主要义项有“遮盖；覆盖；包含；涉及；处理；足以支付；够付；报道；替补(某人工作或履行职责)”。
例:much of the country is covered by forest.
森林覆盖着这个国家的大片土地。
the wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.
风从沙漠那边吹来，把一切都蒙上了一层沙子。
the survey covers all aspects of the business.
调查包括这家企业的各个方面。
this allowance,however,is only enough to cover the most fundamental needs such as food and clothing.
然而这份补助仅够支付衣食等基本需要。
by sunset we had covered thirty miles.
到日落时我们已走了30英里。
the cctv will cover all the major games of the tournament.
中央电视台将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。
i’m covering jane while she’s on leave.
简休假时我来顶替她工作。
练:（XX江苏南京质检） —will $200 the cost of________ the damage?
—i’m afraid not.i need at least 100 more.
a.do                     b.include              c.cover             d.afford
提示:本题考查动词辨析。从句子的意思分析，此处用动词cover表示“够用”。
答案:c
3.wear
讲：v.穿着；戴着；佩着；留长发(胡须)；表露(表情、态度)；磨损；耐用
短语:wear out 穿破,磨损,用坏,精疲力竭
wear off 渐渐减少/消失
wear away 使磨损
wear down使慢慢磨损
例:everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.
乘坐轿车时人人都应该系安全带。
she was wearing a red dress(a pair of white gloves,glasses,a gold ring,a new watch)at the ball that night.
那天晚上在舞会上她穿着红色连衣裙(戴着一副白手套，眼镜，一枚金戒指，一块新手表)。
he wears his hair very long.他留长发。
the girl always wears a happy smile.
这个小女孩随时都面带幸福的微笑。
the waves have worn the rock smooth.
波浪把岩石磨得变平滑了。
the raincoat will wear well.
这件雨衣很耐穿。
the inscription has worn away.
碑文已被磨平消失了。
the pain will wear off because of the anesth esia.
疼痛会因麻醉的功效而慢慢消失。
the long journey has worn him down.
长途旅行使他疲惫不堪。
the shoes have worn out.
那双鞋子已经穿旧了。
i am worn out by the hard work.
辛苦的工作使我筋疲力尽。
链接•提示
    wear在表示“穿着”时，表示的是状态，相当于be dressed in。put on表示的是动作;dress为及物动词，表示“给某人穿衣”，故宾语是表示人的词。
练:（XX山东诸城质检） the best clothes________ the man________ that morning________ his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
a.that;was wearing;were                        b.which;wore;were
c.which;dressed;was                           d.that;was having on;was
提示:本题考查定语从句、动词辨析及主谓语一致。先行词被形容词的最高级修饰，关系代词应用that。have on可表示状态，但不能用于进行时态。clothes是复数，作主语时谓语应用复数。
答案:a
短语
1.attend to
讲:该短语为及物动词短语，其中to为介词，意思有“处理,对付(=deal with)；照料,关怀(=serve/take care of)；接待；注意；专心”等。
例:i have some urgent business to attend to.
我有一些急事要处理。
the nurse attended to the wounded day and night.
这位护士日夜护理伤员。
“are you being attended to,sir?” asked the shop assistant.
售货员问道:“有人接待你吗？”
attend carefully to what she is saying.
注意听她说话。
you must attend to your work.
你必须专心于你的工作。
链接•拓展
    (1)attend on/upon看护；服侍。
    she has two nurses attending on her.
    有两位护士看护着她。
    (2)attend还有“参加（会议、聚会）”的意思。
练:the browns sent lots of invitations for their party.but because of the improper time,few people ________it.
a.attended                  b.accepted             c.received           d.enjoyed
提示:本题通过语境考查动词辨析。横线后面的it起着关键性的作用，代替的应该是party，而不能是复数名词invitations，所以使用attend，表示“参加晚会”。
答案:a
2.let down
讲:该短语为及物动词短语，主要义项有“不支持；使失望；(使)略胜一筹；美中不足；放下；放长；降低”。
例:i’m afraid she let us down badly.
很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。
this machine won’t let you down.
你尽管放心，这台机器不会出毛病。
she speaks french very fluently,but her pronunciation lets her down.
她法语讲得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不大好。
we let the bucket down by a rope.
我们用绳子把吊桶放下去。
this skirt needs letting down.
这条裙子需要放长一点。
链接•拓展
    (1)let up减弱；减轻；放松（努力）；松劲。
     the pain finally let up.
     疼痛终于减轻了。
    we mustn’t let up now.
    我们现在可不能放松啊。
    (2)let out放走；释放；发出（声音）；放大（衣服）。
     i let out a shout when i hurt my finger.
     我弄伤手指时发出一声大叫。
    the waist in these pants needs to be let out.
    这条裤子的裤腰需要放出点来。
练:(XX湖南模拟) he accidentally _______he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
a.let out                                        b.took care
c.made sure                                     d.made out
提示:本题考查短语动词的辨析。从句子的意思分析，此处应该表示“偶然(accidently)透露出”，所以使用let out。
答案:a
句型
“介词+which+动词不定式”作定语
讲:请观察下面教材原句:
...and she had only $1.87 with which to buy jim a present.
……她只有一美元87美分用来给吉姆买礼物。
本句型为“介词+which+动词不定式”作定语，相当于介词 关系代词which引导的定语从句。本句可以改为:she had only $1.87 with which she could buy jim a present.
例:she had no time left in which to pack her things.
她没有时间收拾行李。
it was a bad season in which to have outings.
这不是一个适于郊游的季节。
she has a little money in bank with which to help her mother.
她在银行有点存款，用来帮助她的妈妈。
链接•提示
    with which to buy jim a present作定语，该短语中只能使用代词which，不可使用其他代词。
练:i’d like to get a part-time job to earn more money________to buy a computer.
a.with which                                  b.to which
c.at which                                    d.for which
提示:此处表示“用挣来的钱买一台电脑”，所以用介词with。
答案:a
辨析
1.search,search for
search用作及物动词时，意思是“搜查某地或搜身”，其后直接跟表示房屋、人身、衣服等的名词作宾语。
search for用于表示“寻找或搜索某人或某物”。
即时练习:
(1)when fleming returned from the war,he began ________the chemical he believed could treat infections.
(2)the police________ him everywhere.he was caught at last and now the police are________ him.
(3)his house had clearly been________ and the book was missing.
(4)the youths were arrested and________ anything that would incriminate them.
答案:(1)searching for  (2)searched for;searching  (3)searched  (4)searched for
2.discover,invent,find
discover指“发现”原本存在而未为人所知的东西;discover还作“发现(某种情况)”讲，后面可以接名词、代词、复合宾语、宾语从句。
invent指“发明”原本不存在的东西。
find指“找到”原本丢失的东西。
即时练习:
(1)electricity wasn’t________ by edison,but he________ the electric light.
(2)have you________ the bike you lost last week?
(3)we________ her to be a good doctor.
(4)this kind of machine was________ many years ago.
答案:(1)discovered;invented  (2)found  (3)discovered  (4)invented
诱思：实例点拨
【例1】(XX重庆模拟) —what’s wrong with your coat?
—just now when i wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me________ on it.
a.sat                                         b.had sat
c.had been sitting                               d.was sitting
提示:句意:“你的上衣怎么了？”“刚才我正要下车时，坐在我旁边的那位男士正坐在上边。”when表示的时间可指从句的动作刚刚发生，主句的动作正在进行。
答案:d
讲评:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,本题是通过语境来体现的。
【例2】(XX辽宁模拟) all these gifts must be mailed immediately________ in time for christmas.
a.in order to have received                       b.in order to receive
c.so as to be received                           d.so as to be receiving
提示:所有的礼物都应立即被寄出去，当然是为了使它们及时被收到。in order to和so as to都表目的，receive和gift之间因是被动关系，所以so as to be received正确。
答案:c
讲评:首先要了解在这里so as to 和in order to是没有区别的。选择的关键在于动词不定式的时态和语态，可以先选择一点入手，然后进行对比。