2019高考英语一轮复习Unit 10

XX高考英语一轮教学案大纲版

unit 10
理解：要点诠释
单词
1.lead
讲：v.带路；领路；引领；通向；通往；处于首位；处于领先地位；领导
n.领先地位；领先的距离；超前量
例：he led the horse back into the stable.
他把马牵回了马厩。
the department led the world in cancer research.
这个系在癌症研究方面走在世界前列。
the champion is leading by 18 seconds.
冠军领先了18秒。
who will lead the party in the next election?
下一届选举谁来领导这个党？
he managed to hold a lead of two seconds over his closest rival.
他比跟的最紧的对手勉强领先两秒钟。
the polls have given labour of five-point lead.
投票选举中工党领先五个百分点。
链接•提示
    (1)lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向
    (2)lead sb.to sth.使得出(结论、观点)
    what led you to this conclusion?
    你是如何得出这个结论的？
练：(1)with the boy ______the way,we had no _______finding my aunt’s house.
a.showed；difficulty                           b.leading；difficulty
c.led；trouble                                d.showing；troubles
提示:boy与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此补足语不可用过去分词，故排除a、c两项；在have trouble (in) doing sth.中trouble不可用复数，故选b。
答案:b
(2)the captain’s carelessness ______the accident,as a result of which the ship sank and more than 800 people lost their lives.
a.led to            b.gave off              c.made of           d.developed into
提示:lead to导致；give off发出；develop into发展成。只有lead to与句意相符，故选a。句意为:船长的粗心导致了这次事故，结果轮船沉没，800多人丧生。
答案:a
2.measure
讲：v.测量；度量；有……的尺寸；估量；判断
n.措施；方法；尺度；程度
例：he’s gone to be measured for a new coat.
他去量尺寸做新衣服。
the main bedroom measures 5 metres by 7 metres.
主卧宽5米，长7米。
she works hard and doesn’t measure the cost to her health.
她工作勤恳，并不考虑身体的代价。
she achieved some measures of success with her first book.
她的第一部书就取得了相当的成功。
链接•提示
    (1)make clothes to one’s own measure量体裁衣
    (2)take measures(to do sth.)采取措施(做……)
    (3)take measures against采取措施反对/制止
练：_______should be _______to protect the river from being polluted.
a.a measure；taken                                b.measure；made
c.a measure；made                                d.measures；taken
提示:句意为:应该采取措施来保护河水不受污染。measure作“措施、手段”讲时，常用复数形式，排除a、c两项；“采取措施做某事”用take measures to do sth.，本句使用了被动语态。故选d。
答案:d
3.common
讲：adj.共有的；共享的；共同的；常见的；通常的；普遍的
例：they share a common interest in photograph.
他们拥有共同的摄影爱好。
wheat fields and corn fields are common here.
这儿普遍种植小麦和玉米。
such people as you describe are very common now.
你描写的这种人很常见。
链接•提示
    (1)in common共有；共用
    (2)have nothing in common无共同之处
    (3)have little in common几乎无共同之处
    (4)have something in common有一些共同之处
    (5)have a lot in common有许多共同之处
练：（XX河北石家庄质量检测） harry visited the bookstore every week.he became such a ________ customer that the bookseller gave him some books as presents.
a.common                b.normal                 c.usual               d.regular
提示:根据常识，书店一般赠给老顾客书籍作为礼物，故选regular,a regular customer常客，老主顾。
答案:d
短语
1.in danger
讲：该短语意为：在危险中。
例：children’s lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。
the building is in danger of collapsing.
这栋建筑有塌倒的危险。
how many factory workers are in danger of losing their jobs?
有多少工厂的工人可能失业？
he had a car accident and his life is in danger.
他遭遇车祸，有生命危险。
链接•拓展
    (1)be out of danger 脱险
    (2)be dangerous 危险的，指人或物是“危险的”，即可给人或物造成或带来危险。
    the traffic here is very dangerous for children.
    这里的交通对孩子很危险。
    the prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous.
    这些逃犯残暴而危险。
练：this patient seems to be_______ losing his life but children hope he will be able to be _______soon.
a.in the danger of；out of danger                b.in danger of；out of danger
c.in danger；out of danger                     d.in danger of；out of the danger
提示:固定词组in danger of和out of danger中，danger前不用冠词。
答案:b
2.as a result of
讲：该短语意为：由于……的结果。of后接表示原因的名词、代词或短语。
例：she died as a result of injuries.
她由于受伤而死亡。
as a result of the fire,thousands of people lost their homes.
由于那场大火，数千人无家可归。
链接•拓展
    (1)as a result结果是；作为结果
    前句叙述了原因，as a result引出结果，可以放在句首或句末。
    (2)result in导致；造成
    (3)result from是……的结果；由……造成
练：(1)—wouldn’t you like some dumplings?
    —well,i’d like to have a few.but,______the bad ones last time,i dare not.
a.as a result                               b.as a result of
c.as a matter of                            d.as far as
提示:as a result of后可以接名词或代词；as a result后不可接任何词。
答案:b
(2)(XX山东烟台诊断检测) —do you like nancy?
    —yes,nancy is kind,hard-working and intelligent；_____,i can’t speak too highly of her.
a.as a result                               b.by the way
c.in a word                               d.on the contrary
提示：as a result结果，因此；by the way顺便说（问）一下；in a word总之；on the contrary相反地。根据句意“nancy善良，用功又勤奋，总之，我说她怎么好都不为过”可知选c。
答案:c
3.devote oneself to
讲：该短语意为：致力于；献身于；专心。该搭配中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。
例：she devoted herself to her career.
她全力倾注于自己的事业。
professor stevenson has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer.
史蒂文森教授献身于保护麋鹿的工作。
after he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.
毕业以后他继续致力于研究工作。
链接•拓展
    (1)devote...to...把(时间、精力等)用于
    she devoted her life to helping homeless children.
    她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子们。
    (2)be devoted to 喜爱；疼爱；忠于；致力于
    her son,to whom she was so devoted,died in fighting the flood.
    她非常疼爱的儿子在抗洪中牺牲了。
    some of them were devoted to the study of natural science.
    他们有些人专门研究自然科学。
练：he wants to be a scientist and_______ science.
a.devote to                                   b.devotes to
c.devote himself to                             d.devotes himself to
提示:空格处是和wants并列的谓语动词；devote oneself to...是固定短语。
答案:d
4.cut down
讲：该短语意为：砍倒；病死；减少
例：when the farmers cut down trees,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.
农民把树砍倒后，老虎无法藏身和猎食。
you should try your best to cut down the accident rate.
你们应该尽力减少事故。
we need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
我们得把这篇文章压缩到一千字。
he ought to cut down the volume of work.
他应该减少工作量。
链接•拓展
    (1)cut away 剪去；砍掉；割掉；切除
    (2)cut off切下；割下；砍下；切断电话线使某人通话中断,阻断；停止食物等的供应
    (3)cut up切碎；切成碎片；使难过,使痛苦
    he always cuts up his food before he eats it.
    他在吃东西之前,总是把它切碎。
    (4)cut in 打断；打扰
    she always cuts in when we are talking.
    我们谈话的时候她老是插嘴。
    (5)cut out删掉；停止
    you can cut out what you don’t like.
    你可以删去你不喜欢的。
    (6)cut through 抄近路；开辟(出路或通道)
    i came by cutting through the lane.
    我抄近路来的。
练：with no electricity,many towns and villages had their water supply________.
a.cut off             b.cut down              c.cut up              d.cut through
提示:本句考查have sth.done 结构，表示“遭遇到……”。cut off在本句中意为“阻断，停止供应（水）”。
答案:a
句型
1.get+过去分词
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
use the questions below to get started and try to think of more questions.
用下列问题作为开始，试着想出更多的问题。
“get+过去分词”结构，在这种结构中，get相当于助动词。
例：don’t get caught in the storm.
别撞上暴雨了。
you didn’t get hurt in any way?
你没伤着哪儿吧？
链接•拓展
    (1)在“get+过去分词”结构中，get起be的作用，构成被动结构。在这种结构中，get被称为被动助动词。该结构主要用于:1)指突然的、偶然的、意外的事情。2)表示反身的行为而不是被动的行为。3)说话者强调动作。
    (2)get作“使发生……”解时，结构如下:1)get sb./sth.done(=have sb./sth.done)使……；2)get sb.to do sth.(=have sb.do sth.)或get sb.doing sth.使某人做某事。
    tell your friends about the films and try to get him/her to go with you.
    =...and try to have him/her go with you.告诉你朋友电影的内容，并设法让他或她和你一块去。
    you should get the students thinking when you give lessons.
    你讲课的时候应该让学生思考。
    why don’t you get your car repaired?
    你怎么不找人把车修一修？
练：—how are the team playing?
—they’re playing well,but one of them _______hurt.
a.got                  b.gets                 c.are                   d.were
提示:解本题时可以从主谓一致、时态、语态几个方面去考虑。依据主谓一致的规则排除c、d两项，因为主语为one，谓语动词用单数。虽然前句用了现在进行时，但是后一句应用一般过去时，表示该动作已经发生，故选a。got hurt等于was hurt。
答案:a
2.keep...from doing
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
steve jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
steve jones是一位尽力使动植物免于灭绝的环境方面的专家。
keep...from doing sth.=stop sb.from doing sth.=prevent sb.from doing 阻止……做某事
在主动语态中，stop 或prevent后可省略from，用keep时不可省略from；在被动语态中都不可省略from。
例：what can stop/prevent us(from)doing so if we want to?
如果我们想做的话，有什么可以阻止我们呢？
they were stopped/prevented/kept by the police from entering the building.
警察阻止他们进大楼。
链接•拓展
    (1)keep doing sth.不断，一直；老是做某事
    (2)keep sb./sth.doing使……不断做某事
练：if city noises ______from increasing,people _____able to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
a.are not kept；will not be                             b.are not kept；are
c.do not keep；will not be                             d.do not keep；are
提示:从时间状语20 years from now来看，主句应该使用一般将来时，排除b、d两项；从条件状语从句中的主谓关系看，从句应该使用被动语态。故选a。
答案:a
辨析
agree on,agree with,agree to
agree on表示在某一点上达成协议或取得一致意见。
agree with表示同意、赞成某人说的话，后接sb.或wh 从句或表达意见、想法、观点、决定的词(opinion,view,idea,decision)。还可表示“与……一致；适合”,此时，主语一般不是表人的词。
    agree to后接计划、安排、建议、条件等词(plan,arrangement,suggestion,terms)。
    agree to do表示“同意做某事”。
即时练习:
(1)i _______what he said.
(2)after a further discussion,both sides ________the date for the next meeting.
(3)they didn’t ________each other on that point.
(4)a verb should _______its subject in number and person.
(5)at last the teacher _______give him another chance.
(6)do you ________the arrangement?
(7)they all ________the matter.
答案:(1)agree with  (2)agreed on  (3)agree with  (4)agree with  (5)agreed to  (6)agree to  (7)agreed on
诱思：实例点拨
【例1】 （XX江西模拟） my friend martin was very sick with a strange fever；______,he could neither eat nor sleep.
a.as a result             b.after all            c.any way          d.otherwise
提示:考查固定搭配，as a result意思是“结果”。
答案:a
讲评:在英语中固定搭配占较大比例，在平时的学习中要给予足够注意，要“死记硬背”和“灵活掌握”相接合。
【例2】 (XX湖南模拟) i was just talking to margaret when jackson _______.
a.cut in                b.cut down              c.cut out            d.cut up
提示:我正要和margaret交谈，这时jackson插嘴了。本题测试动词短语的用法。cut down砍倒；削减；cut out切掉；停止；cut up切碎；抨击。
答案:a
【例3】 (XX浙江模拟) —ow! i’ve burnt myself!
—how did you do that?
—i______a hot pot.
a.touched             b.kept                   c.felt               d.held
提示:动词辨析。根据题意应为无意地触碰，所以选touch；而feel意为“有意地摸”，故不选c。
答案:a