2019届高三英语重点词汇与短语4

高中三年级英语学案
units 13-14 (b3)
 【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
 1．astonish vt.使惊讶，使震惊
 the news astonished everyone.
 it astonished me that no one had thought of it before.
 astonished adj.astonishing adj.astonishment n.
 2．convince vt.使确信，说服
 convince sb. that …使某人相信
  convince sb. of sth.使某人明白某事
 convince sb. to do sth.说服某人干某事
 how can i convince you of her honesty?
 what convinced you to vote for them?
 3． assume vt.假定；设想；假装；承担
 we can assume profits of around 5%.
 assume a false name用假名字
 assume control of sth.得到某物的控制权
 4．cancel vt.取消，废除
 cancel (sth.) out抵消；中和
 she cancelled her trip to new york as she felt ill.
 the losses of four overseas section cancel out the profits made by the company at home.
 5．remark n.&vi.评论；评述
 remark on/upon sb./sth.说/写/评论（关于某人/某事物）
 a lot of people have remarked on the similarity between them.
 make a rude remark说出无礼的话
 6．commit vt.犯；（不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事）
commit a crime/suicide犯罪/自杀
 commit sb.(oneself) to sth/doing sth承诺某事/做某事
 commit sb./sth. to sth.将某人（事）交给某处保留（处理）
 7．tell…apart识别，辨别
 can you tell jane and lucy apart? for they look so alike.
 tell a from b把a与b区别开
 tell the difference between a and b区分ab
 a be different from ba与b不同
 a differs from ba与b有别
 8．come to light发现，暴露
 much more new evidence has come to light, so the judges have to sentence the man to death.
 when the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.
 come out出版，发行；come down下降
 come into effect (force)开始生效；come into sight被望见
 come to a conclusion做结论；come to an end结束；come to life活跃，起来；come to oneself恢复知觉，正常；come to the point谈正题；come off从……掉下来
 二、词义辨析
  except, except for, except that与besides
 except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外；其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）或wh 从句。
 besides意为“除……之外（尚有……）”，except是它的反义词；except表示“减云”，而besides表示“加上”。
 except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正；其后一般接名词。
 except that用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句，可以与except for互换。
 ①all came except jane.除了珍妮外，大家都来了。（“jane”和“all”是同一概念范畴内的词，都是指“人”，用except,不用except for）
 ②they all went there besides tom.除汤姆（去了）以外，他们也都去了。
 ③he is a good man except for hot temper.他是个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。（temper和man不是同一概念范畴的词，temper只是man的一个侧面，因此用except for,而不用except）
 ④your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes.
 =your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.
 你的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
 三、重点句型
 1．then over dinner ,franklin mentions that he has not been sleeping well since he gave up smoking and dr candy, the local doctor, offers to write him a prescription for some medicine.然后吃完饭后，富兰克林提到了自从戒烟以来他一直睡不好。坎迪医生——当地的一位医生，表示要为他开药方来抓药。
 have/has been doing sth. 现在完成进行时。
 2．desperate for money, he tried to persuade rachel to marry him, but when she changed her mind ,he had no choice but to go abroad to sell the diamond.
(由于)渴望得到钱，他试图说服雷切尔嫁给他，但当她改变了主意时，他别无选择只能去国外卖钻石。
 have no choice hut to do sth .别无选择，只能做某事we had no choice but to go to bed .
 那孩子别无选择只能上床睡觉了。
【思维拓展】
 3．they discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.他们发现喂食点越远，舞蹈就越慢。
在本句中，使用了the+比较级，the+比较级这一句型结构，意为“越……,越……”。
the busier the old man is ,the happier he feels.
那老人越忙越高兴。
【考点透视 考例精析】
 [考例1]  when asked by the police, he said that he remembered __     _ at the party, but not _      _.
 a．to arrive; leaving    b．to arrive; to leave 
 c．arriving; leaving   d．arriving; to leave
 [解析]  c 此题主要考查remember后接非谓语动词的不同形式时的意义理解，根据语境可知，指记得所做过的事情，而不是要做什么，故均选动词的 ing形式。
 [考例2]  the company is starting a new advertising campaign to ______ new customers to its stores.
a．join     b．attract     c．stick     d．transfer
 [解析] b 考查动词辨义。join参加，加入；attract吸引；stick粘住；transfer迁移。
 [考例3]  months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ______ the pacific, and we met no storms.
a．was called    b．is called   c．had been called   d．has been called
 [解析] b 考查在语境中运用、辨析时态的能力。题中which引导的为非限制性定语从句，which指代this open sea,引导的定语从句表达的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。
 [考例4]  ----it’s getting late. i’m afraid i must be going now.
----- ok. ______ .
a．take it easy   b．go slowly   c．stay longer   d．see you
 [解析] d 考查交际用语。根据语境，应选道别之辞。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．i tried to c_____    _ tom after his wife’s death.
2．their children are always very c____    __ towards old people.
3．their wedding was a ___    ___(辉煌的) affair.
4．she ____    __(扣牢) her coat.
5．by a curious _____    __ (巧合), my husband and i have the same birthday.
6．plain glass is __    ____(透明的).
7．don’t rely on the information he gave you —it’s pure _    _____(设想).
8．he smokes a _    ____(最大量) of ten cigars a day.
9．the city’s water supply is no longer a__    ____.
10．she grew up in comfortable ___    ___(环境).
二、单项选择
1．what made the man angry was that the boy pretended __    ____ when he asked him to do it.
 a．sleep   b．sleeping   c．to be sleeping   d．not to asleep
2．the company decided to ______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been made.
 a．destroy   b．resist   c．assume   d．cancel
3．tom’s ______ of power was welcomed by everyone.
 a. assumption   b．impression   c．success   d．suggestion
4．he was glad that the judge announced that he was innocent ______ crime.
 a．in   b．to   c． of   d．for
5． she had a(n) _______ respect for mr green.
 a．valuable   b． extraordinary  c．considerable   d．considerate
6． how can you ______ the two books apart?
 a．say   b．speak   c．tell   d．pide
7． he has worked on the research several years, but something he hopes for doesn’t ______ .
 a．come to lights   b．come to a light  c．come to lighting  d．come to light
8． farming demands ______ forecasts of the weather.
 a．precise   b．correct   c． accurate   d．exact
9．why this otherwise excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is _____ me.
 a．above   b．outside   c．beside   d．beyond
10．there was more than ______ rain and snow last year, so some parts of the country have been flooded this spring.
 a． extra   b．efficient   c．permanent   d．adequate
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
not too long ago, an incident that happened at walt disney touched me greatly. a guest  1  out of our polynesian village resort (度假胜地) at walt disney was asked how she   2   her visit. she told the front desk clerk she had had a(n)  3  vacation, but was heart broken about  4  several rolls of kodak color film she had not yet  5  . at that moment she was particularly  6  over the loss of the pictures she had shot at our polynesian luau,  7  this was a memory she especially treasured.
now, please understand that we have no written service rules  8  lost photos in the park.  9 , the clerk at the front desk  10  disney’s idea of caring for our  11 . she asked the woman to leave her a couple rolls of  12  film, promising she would take care of the rest of our show at polynesian luau.
two weeks later the guest received a  13  at her home. in it were photos of all the actors of our show,  14  signed by each performer. there were also  15  of the public procession (游行队伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front desk clerk in her own  16  after work. i happened to know this  17  because this guest wrote us a letter. she said that  18  in her life had she received such good service from any business.
excellent  19  does not come from policy (政策性的) handbooks. it comes from people who 20  — and from a culture that encourages and models that attitude.
1． a．working   b．checking   c．rying   d．staying
2． a．expected   b． realized   c．paid     d．enjoyed
3． a．disappointing  b． wonderful  c．uncomfortable  d．important
4． a． taking   b．dropping   c．losing   d．breaking
5． a． developed   b．taken   c．washed   d．loaded
6． a．silly   b． nervous   c．calm   d．sad
7． a．when   b．where   c．as   d． which
8． a．covering   b． finding   c．making   d．keeping
9． a．excitedly   b．fortunately   c．therefore   d．quietly
10．a．understood   b．reminded   c．trusted    d．discovered
11．a． workers   b．guests   c． managers   d．clerks
12．a． printed   b．shot   c．unused   d．recorded
13．a．film   b．card   c． camera   d．packet
14．a．frequently   b．personally   c． alone   d．actually
15．a．rules   b．pictures   c．handbooks   d．performances
16．a．case   b．work   c． time   d．position
17．a．story   b．place   c． photo   d． show
18．a．only   b．almost   c．never   d． nearly
19．a．advice   b．experience   c．quality  d．service
20．a．care   b．serve   c．like   d．know

参考答案
高三部分
units 13~14 (b3)
基础演练
一、1．comfort   2．considerate    3．splendid    4．fastened     5．coincidence
6．transparent 7．assumption    8．　maximum    9．adequate    10．surroundings
二、1.c2.d3.a4.c5.c6.c7.d8.c9.d10.d
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1—5 bdbca  6—10 dcaba  11—15 bcdbb  16—20 cacda
1．b  check out“结帐退房离开旅馆”。
2．d  how she enjoyed her visit“(她被问道)这次参观的感觉怎么样”。问某人对某事的评价，常用句型：how do you like／ehoy sth? what do you think of sth?
3．b  后面的but表示转折，说明她的假期过得非常愉快，只是丢了几卷胶卷使她伤心。
4．c  根据上下文的意义可知。
5．a  developed“(胶卷)冲洗过的”，take和a picture／photo搭配，表示“拍照”。
6．d  从上文的heartbroken可知她丢失了胶卷心里是很难过的。
7．c  as表示原因。“因为她非常珍视这一段记忆。”
8． a  这句话提醒读者注意他们的旅游度假胜地polynesian village resort没有书面的包含处理在公园丢失的照片的服务条例。covering修饰rules，“包含……的制度、条款”。
9．b  fortunately“幸运地是”，表示转折。
10．a  前台的工作人员没有看到这条规定，但她理解了迪斯尼的服务宗旨。其它各项均不合题意。
11．b  迪斯尼的服务对象当然是来这里度假的客人。
12．c  从上下文可知是没用过的胶卷。unused“没用过的”；printed“印出来的”；shot“拍过的”；recorded“录过音的”。
13．d  a packet“包裹”。
14．b  personally signed“被个人签上名的”。
15．b  根据后面作定语的过去分词所构成的固定搭配take pictures，选b。
16．c  前台服务员利用自己的业余时间拍的这些照片。
17．a  这位客人写信反映的事。
18．c 从本句的倒装句式可知本空填否定副词never。表否定的副词连词位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
19．d 从上下文可知。最后一段是对本故事的总结和评论。“优秀的服务并非来自服务细则，而是来自具有关心、服务意识的人，来自激励和塑造这种态度的文化。”
20．a  care对客人的关心，设身处地为客人着想，才能真正为客人服务，而不仅仅是按要求去为客人服务。