氢：绿氢，灰氢，蓝氢，黄氢，粉氢，蓝绿氢的区别-

制造氢气需要消耗能量，因为氢原子不能自身存在-他们总是跟另外一个原子绑定在一起，通常是其他元素。（在地球上，氢原子通常大量地以水Ｈ2O的形式存在）。制造纯氢需要打破这些分子键（Molecule Bond）。

Producing hydrogen takes energy because hydrogen atoms don’t exist on their own — they are almost always stuck to another atom, often another element. (On earth, hydrogen is particularly abundant in the form of water, or H2O.) Creating pure hydrogen requires breaking those molecular bonds.

在能源行业中，人们通常用一系列的颜色简要表述其是如何制造的？

In the energy business, people refer to hydrogen by an array of colors to as shorthand for how it was created.

其中一种制氢的可能是一种称为电解（electrolysis）的方式，当电流通过一种物质后，迫使化学改变-这种情况下，将Ｈ2O分解成氢H和氧O。

One may of making hydrogen is a process called electrolysis, when electricity is passed through a substance to force a chemical change — in this case, splitting H2O into hydrogen and oxygen.

当供电解用的能源来自于像风，水或太阳能这样的可再生能源时，就是绿氢。

Green hydrogen is when the energy used to power electrolysis comes from renewable sources like wind, water or solar.

蓝氢是从天然气中制备的氢气，采用蒸汽甲烷转化（SMR- Steam methane reforming)工艺，天然气同热蒸汽以及催化剂混合。发生化学反应产生氢气和一氧化碳（Carbon monoxide）。混合物中加入水，将一氧化碳转换成二氧化碳以及更多的氢气。如果捕捉二氧化碳排放物并且储存在地下，该流程就被认为是碳中和或是零碳，产生的氢气叫做“蓝氢”。

Blue hydrogen is hydrogen produced from natural gas with a process of steam methane reforming, where natural gas is mixed with very hot steam and a catalyst. A chemical reaction occurs creating hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Water is added to that mixture, turning the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. If the carbon dioxide emissions are then captured and stored underground, the process is considered carbon-neutral, and the resulting hydrogen is called “blue hydrogen.”

但这里对蓝氢存在一些争论，因为天然气生产不可避免地排放甲烷，是一种外逃泄漏，来自于钻井，抽取以及运输过程。

But there’s some controversy over blue hydrogen because natural gas production inevitably results in methane emissions from so-called fugitive leaks, which are leaks of methane from the drilling, extraction and transportation process.

甲烷不能够跟二氧化碳一样长时间在大气中存在，但是却跟温室气体一样强有力。根据国际能源机构的信息，在100多年里，一般认为一吨甲烷等同于28到36吨的二氧化碳。

Methane does not last in the atmosphere as long as carbon dioxide, but it is much more potent as a greenhouse gas. Over 100 years, one ton of methane can considered to be equivalent to 28 to 36 tons of carbon dioxide, according to the International Energy Agency.

灰氢是从像蓝氢一样的天然气转换而来，但是无需捕捉副产品二氧化碳。

Grey hydrogen is made from natural gas reforming like blue hydrogen, but without any efforts to capture carbon dioxide byproducts.

粉氢是一种通过核电站驱动的电解氢，不会产生任何二氧化碳排放物。（但是核动力会产生放射性废弃物，废弃物需要安全地存放数千年）。

Pink hydrogen is hydrogen made with electrolysis powered by nuclear energy, which does not produce any carbon dioxide emissions. (Although nuclear energy creates radioactive wastewhich must be stored safely for thousands of years.)

黄氢是通过国家电网供电电解产生的氢。随着电网供电供电方式的不同，碳排放变化较大。

Yellow hydrogen is hydrogen made with electrolysis from the energy grid. The carbon emissions vary greatly depending on the sources powering the grid.

蓝绿氢是使用反应器或鼓风炉加热高温分解甲烷或将甲烷分解成氢以及固体碳而制出来的氢。蓝绿氢还处于商业化的初期，绿色意识价值依赖高温分解的所需的清洁能源方式以及碳物质的储存。

Turquoise hydrogen is hydrogen produced from methane pyrolysis, or splitting methane into hydrogen and solid carbon with heat in reactors or blast furnaces. Turquoise hydrogen is still in its nascent stages of being commercialized, and its climate-conscious value depends on powering the pyrolysis with clean energy and storing the physical carbon.

行业首席执行官组织氢理事会(Hydrogen Council)联盟的执行董事达里尔·威尔逊(Daryl Wilson)说，氢的颜色系统有点简单，需要更新和更具体。

The color system is a bit simplistic and needs to be updated and made more specific, said Daryl Wilson, the executive director of the coalition of the Hydrogen Council, an organization of industry CEOs.