安能辨我是雄雌?没有Y染色体的老鼠或许是我们基因未来的初显

背景知识

在过去的很多年里,有科学家们发现,人类的染色体在逐渐丢失,丢失的就是Y染色体,如果一直这样下去,它可能就会消失。因此,引起了很多人的担忧,传出了“Y染色体正在消失,未来男性也将会消失”的说法,甚至还有的人展开了进一步思考:如果真的变成了这样,那么之后的人类将会如何发展呢?会像一些稀有动物一样逐渐灭绝吗?


正文阅读

A rat without a Y chromosome could be a glimpse of our genetic future

没有Y染色体的老鼠或许是我们基因未来的初显

For any mammal, the loss of the Y chromosome should mean the loss of males and the demise of the species. So how the Amami spiny rat manages without a Y chromosome has puzzled biologists for decades. Now, Asato Kuroiwa at Hokkaido University in Japan and her colleagues have shown that one of the rat’s normal chromosomes has effectively evolved into a new male sex chromosome. The Y chromosomes in many mammals, including us, have been shrinking over tens of millions of years and could eventually disappear, says Kuroiwa. The spiny rat shows how this might happen, she says.

对于任何哺乳动物来说,Y染色体的丢失都意味着雄性的减少和物种的灭亡。因此,在没有Y染色体的情况下,奄美棘鼠是如何繁衍生存的,这几十年来一直困扰着生物学家。现在,日本北海道大学的朝藤黑岩和她的同事们已经证明,老鼠的一条常染色体已经有效地进化成了新的雄性染色体。黑岩说,包括我们人类在内的许多哺乳动物的Y染色体在数千万年的时间里一直在缩小,最终可能会消失。她说,刺鼠展示了这种情况可能发生的方式。

There are many different sex-determining systems across the animal kingdom, but in virtually all mammals, sex depends on the X and Y chromosomes. If an embryo inherits two X chromosomes, it develops into a female. If it inherits an X and a Y, it becomes male. This happens because the Y chromosome contains a gene called SRY that switches on “male” genes on other chromosomes – most importantly the SOX9 gene that triggers the development of testes.

整个动物界有许多不同的性别决定系统,但几乎所有哺乳动物的性别都取决于X和Y染色体。如果一个胚胎遗传了两条X染色体,它就会发育成雌性。如果它遗传了一个X和一个Y,它就变成了雄性。这是因为Y染色体包含一种名为SRY的基因,它可以开启其他染色体上的“男性”基因——最重要的是触发睾丸发育的SOX9基因。

The Amami spiny rat (Tokudaia osimensis), found on the Japanese island of Amami Ōshima, is one of just a handful of mammals that lack Y chromosomes. What’s more, females as well as males have just a single X chromosome. As the existence of female mammals shows, the shrunken Y doesn’t contain any crucial genes, so cells and inpiduals can survive its loss. In fact, recent studies show it is often lost from cells as men age. But the loss of the Y from an entire population should result in extinction, because there would be no more males.

在日本奄美大岛上发现的奄美棘鼠是少数几种缺乏Y染色体的哺乳动物之一。更重要的是,女性和男性棘鼠都只有一条X染色体。雌性哺乳动物的存在表明,萎缩的Y不包含任何关键基因,所以细胞和个体可以在失去它后存活下来。事实上,最近的研究表明,随着男性年龄的增长,Y染色体经常会从细胞中消失。但是,整个种群中Y染色体的缺失应该会导致灭绝,因为雄性将不复存在。


今日单词


素材来源

文本选自:New Scientist

作者:Michael Le Page

原文发布时间:30 Nov. 2022


每日美句

To be both a speaker of words and a doer of deeds.

既当演说家,又做实干家。

展开阅读全文

页面更新:2024-04-15

标签:染色体   北海道   基因   老鼠   哺乳动物   雌性   睾丸   胚胎   雄性   男性   未来

1 2 3 4 5

上滑加载更多 ↓
推荐阅读:
友情链接:
更多:

本站资料均由网友自行发布提供,仅用于学习交流。如有版权问题,请与我联系,QQ:4156828  

© CopyRight 2008-2024 All Rights Reserved. Powered By bs178.com 闽ICP备11008920号-3
闽公网安备35020302034844号

Top