安装并加载colorspace包

使用install.packages()命令安装即可：

rm(list=ls())


#安装和加载colorspace包
install.packages("colorspace")
library(colorspace)

配色模板查看

colorspace包中共包括三种类型的配色模板——Qualitative、Sequential、Diverging，可以使用hcl_palettes()查看全部配色或某一类型配色：

hcl_palettes(plot = TRUE)

hcl_palettes("qualitative", plot = TRUE)

hcl_palettes("sequential (single-hue)", n = 7, plot = TRUE)

hcl_palettes("sequential (multi-hue)", n = 7, plot = TRUE)

hcl_palettes("perging", n = 7, plot = TRUE)

获取特定模板中颜色的十六进制代码

通过perging_hcl（）、sequential_hcl（）、qualitative_hcl（）三个函数进行查看相应类型中的颜色十六进制代码，也可以通过swatchplot()函数进行可视化：

perging_hcl(n = 7, "Broc")
##"#002B4B" "#2F6489" "#92A6BA" "#F9F9F9" "#A6A587" "#636212" "#292800"


swatchplot(perging_hcl(n = 7, "Broc"))

sequential_hcl(n = 7, palette = "Heat")
##"#8E063B" "#B9534C" "#DA8459" "#EEAB65" "#F6C971" "#F1DE81" "#E2E6BD"


swatchplot(sequential_hcl(n = 7, palette = "Heat"))

qualitative_hcl(7, palette = "Dark")
##"#C87A8A" "#B28955" "#82994C" "#30A37C" "#00A0AE" "#7E8FC7" "#BA7BB8"


swatchplot(qualitative_hcl(7, palette = "Dark"))

在ggplot2绘图过程中进行应用

主要通过scale___()函数实现，其中 是指定映射 (fill, color, colour)， 是表明数据变量的类型 (discrete, continuous, binned)，colorscale 是声明颜色标度类型 (qualitative, sequential, perging, pergingx)，在绘图过程中使用+号将其跟在绘图函数后就行：

library(ggplot2)
library(palmerpenguins)
df1 <- data.frame(x = c("a", "b", "c","d"), y = c(3, 5, 7, 6))
df2 <- penguins

ggplot(df1, aes(x,y,fill=x))+
  geom_col()+
  theme_bw()+
  scale_fill_discrete_qualitative(palette = "warm")

ggplot(df1, aes(x,y,fill=x))+
  geom_col()+
  theme_bw()+
  scale_fill_discrete_perging(palette = "Vik")

ggplot(df2,aes(bill_length_mm, fill = species)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.6) +
  scale_fill_discrete_sequential(palette = "Heat", 
                                 nmax = 6, 
                                 rev = FALSE, 
                                 order = 2:4)

ggplot(df2,aes(bill_length_mm, fill = species)) +
  geom_density(alpha = 0.6) +
  scale_fill_discrete_sequential(palette = "Reds 3", 
                                 nmax = 6, 
                                 rev = FALSE, 
                                 order = 2:4)

参考：https://bookdown.org/wangminjie/R4DS/tidyverse-ggplot2-colors.html#tidyverse-ggplot2-colors