高考英语单元知识点复习Unit 14

unit 14
理解:要点诠释
单词
1.demand
讲：v. & n.要求;诘问；需要;需求
    用作动词时的主要搭配形式为:+名词;+动词不定式；+that从句。
例:she demanded an immediate explanation.
    她要求立即给予解释。
    she demanded to see the manager.
    她要求见经理。
    the un has demanded that all troops(should)be withdrawn.
    联合国要求全面撤军。
    there is an increased demand for computer engineers.
    对电脑工程师的需求不断增加。
链接•提示
    (1)demand 后的that 从句中用should+动词原形，或省略should。
    (2)不能说demand sb.to do sth.。
练:(1)—how do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
    —the key_________________ the problem is to meet the demand by the customers.
a.to solving;making                    b.to solving;made
c.to solve;making                      d.to solve;made
提示:meet/satisfy the demand的意思是“满足要求”,make与它所修饰的名词demand之间有被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故排除a、c两项。介词to可以表示“……的”。如:change to the plan 计划的变动;answer to the question问题的答案;key to the exercise练习的答案;reply to the letter回信;key to the door房门的钥匙;entrance to the building大楼的入口;note to the text课文的注释。由于to是介词，因此后接动名词形式。
答案:b
(2)our teacher demanded that all of us_________________ english every day.
a.should practise to speak
b.would practice speaking
c.could practise speaking
d.practise speaking
提示:demand 后的that 从句中用should+动词原形，或省略should。排除b、c两项；practise后接动名词。
答案:d
2.form
讲：v. 形成；使……形成;组成
    n.形状;形态;形式;(健康)状态
例:it’s too early to form an opinion about the new policy.
    要形成对于这项政策的意见还为时过早。
    the soldiers were formed into a line.
    士兵们站成一条线。
    help in the form of money will be very welcome.
    非常欢迎以捐款的形式帮助。
链接•提示
    (1)in the form of 以……的形式
    (2)be in great form心情很好
    (3)take form逐渐形成
    (4)take the form of采取……的形式
练:(1)（上海春季）china has promised to revise its existing regulations and______________ new policies according to wto requirements.
a.forming                               b.to form
c.to be forming                         d.have formed
提示:and连接两个动词不定式作宾语，且本句不强调动作正在进行故选b项。
答案:b
(2)jessy should have no problem winning the game—he is quite______________ .
a.in common                             b.out of form
c.in form                                d.in debt
提示:词组辨析题。首先要准确理解各词组的意义，然后根据语境作出选择。in common 共同的；out of form(健康)状态不佳；in form (健康)状态良好；in debt负债。
答案:c
3.forbid
讲：vt. 禁止；不许
例:he forbade them from mentioning the subject again.
    他不准他们再提这个问题。
    you are all forbidden to leave.
    你们都不准离开。
    he forbids walking in his garden.
    他不许在他的花园里走。
链接•提示
    (1)forbid doing sth.禁止做某事
    (2)forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事
    (3)god/heaven forbid(that...)但愿这事不要发生
    —maybe you’ll end up as a lawyer,like me.
    也许你会像我一样，最终成为律师。
    —god forbid!
    但愿不会这样！
练:we forbid_____________________ here.who has permitted you________________ here?
a.to smoke;to smoke                     b.smoking;to smoke
c.smoking;smoking                       d.to smoke;smoking
提示:依据forbid doing sth.排除a、d项；依据permit sb.to do sth.确定答案为b。
答案:b
短语
1.set an example to
讲：该词组的义项有“做出榜样”。
例:he sets an example to the other students.
    =he sets the other students an example.
    他为其他学生树立了榜样。
    she studies hard and sets a good example to all of us.
    她学习刻苦，给我们所有人树立了好榜样。
链接•提示
    (1)for example=for instance
    (2)take...for example 以……为例
    (3)follow sb.’s example=follow the example of sb.学习某人的榜样
    (4)make an example of sb.惩罚某人以儆他人
练:lei feng__________________ the young people  the country.
a.was set an example for;all over
b.was set an example to;across
c.set an example to;throughout
d.set an example for;across
提示:throughout the country或all over the country的意思是“全国”；“某人给某人树立榜样”应为sb.set an example to sb.。
答案:c
2.from...on
讲：该词组的义项有“从……时起”。
例:she left in 1984 and from then on she lived alone.
    她于1984年离开，打那时起一直独居。
    she never spoke to him from that day on.
    从那天起她就再没和他说话。
链接•提示
    (1)(every)now and then=(every)now and again=from time to time时常，不时
    (2)then and there=there and then 当场;立即
    i took one look at the car and offered to buy it there and then.
    我看了一眼汽车便当场答应买下来。
    (3)but then=then again=but then again 但是；但是另一方面
    she was early,but then again,she always is.
    她来得早，不过她总是早来。
练:my college friends and i write to each other_______________ ,even when there’s not much to say.
a.now and then                         b.by and by
c.step by step                         d.more or less
提示:根据题干后半部分提供的信息，此题应选a项，now and then表示“不时地;每隔些时候就”,其余三项都与题干后半部分相矛盾。
答案:a
3.at first sight
讲：该词组的义项有“乍一看；初看之下”。
例:at first sight the problem seems easy.
    乍看起来，这个问题似乎很容易。
    though she changed much,i recognized her at first sight.
    虽然她变化很大，我还是一眼就认出了她。
链接•提示
    由sight构成的词组，注意sight前常不用冠词:
    (1)at(the)sight of 一看到……
    the lady fainted at(the)sight of blood pouring from his wound.
    一看到血从他的伤口涌出，那位女士便昏过去了。
    (2)in sight在视野之内
    (3)out of sight在视野之外
    (4)catch(get,gain)sight of看到;lose sight of 看不到
    (5)come into sight 进入视野
练:for miles around me there was nothing but a desert,without a single plant or tree______________.
a.on earth                              b.for distance
c.in sight                              d.at place
提示:句意为:我周围数英里之内，除了沙漠之外，什么都没有，连一棵植物或树都看不到。故选用in sight(在视野内)。
答案:c
句型
1.what引导的名词性从句
讲:注意观察下面教材原句:
    what all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect,share the right to work,good housing conditions,and education and be treated equally to other people,regardless of race,religion or sex.
    这些团体所共有的愿望是要求受到尊重，享有工作、好的居住条件和受教育的权利以及在各方面受到平等对待,不会顾及他们的种族、宗教信仰或性别。
例:you are what you eat.
    你的饮食习惯决定着你的人生。
    terrorists declared war on the united states,and war is what they got.
    恐怖分子向美国宣战，而他们得到的就是战争。
链接•提示
    连接代词what=the thing which,相当于汉语中的“……的人(事)”，其引导的名词性从句可作主语、表语或宾语。掌握what从句的关键是弄清what的“分身术”:既在从句中充当主语、表语或宾语，what从句又充当主句中的主语、表语或宾语。
练:action,not talk,was____________________ she graded her students on.
a.that             b.how              c.what               d.which
提示:此处用what引导表语从句，表示“她评价学生的行动而不是听他们说的”。what的意思是“……的”。
答案:c
辨析
1.fight for,fight against,fight with
(1)fight for意为“为……而战;为争取……而战”。
(2)fight against:①接事物名词，意为“为反对……而斗争”。②接人或国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”。
(3)fight with:①接人或国家名词，表示“与……(并肩)战斗”。②接人或国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”(=fight against)。
即时练习:
用with,against或for填空
(1)two dogs fight  a bone,and__________________ a third runs away with it.
(2)england fought_______________ france_______________ germany in the war of 19141918.
(3)they are fighting______________ better working conditions.
(4)they were fighting______________ the enemy to gain their freedom.
(5)they fought______________ the italians in the last war and against them in this.
答案:(1)for (2)with,against/with (3)for(4)against (5)with
2.such as,for example
(1)for example作为插入语可以放在句首、句中或句末，放在句首，其后用逗号;放在句中，前后用逗号;放在句末，其前用逗号。
(2)such as放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as之后切不可用逗号。
即时练习:
(1)noise,_______________ is a kind of pollution.
(2)i know many students of your school,wang ling, _______________.
(3)he can speak five foreign languages, _______________german and french.
(4)he knows several languages, _______________,he knows english and japanese.
(5)boys_______________ john and james are very friendly.
答案:(1)for example (2)for example(3)such as (4)for example (5)such as
诱思：实例点拨
【例1】(全国模拟ⅰ)the hero’s story_______________ differently in the newspapers.
a.was reported                         b.was reporting
c.reports                              d.reported
提示:本题考查动词的时态和语态，由于report的动作发生在过去，因而应该用一般过去时，而且story与report之间有动宾关系，应该用被动语态。故选a项。
答案:a
讲评:解考查语态的题时，要注意句子主语与谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。
【例2】(重庆模拟)millions of pounds worth of damage _________ by a storm which swept across the north of england last night.
a.has been caused                     b.had been caused
c.will be caused                      d.will have been caused
提示:由句中last night可知storm已经发生，而由此造成的损失缺与现在有关，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案:a
讲评:解考查时态和语态的题，首先要依据时间状语确定时态，然后依据逻辑关系确定语态。
【例3】(北京模拟)—why did you leave that position?
    —i_______________ a better position at ibm.
a.offer                               b.offered
c.am offered                          d.was offered
提示:问句中用了一般过去时，询问的是过去的客观事实，因此答语中也应该用一般过去时，排除a、c两项；主语i与谓语offer之间有被动关系，故选d项。
答案:d
讲评:本题考查时态和语态。在交际用语中，要求对语境有充分、正确的理解。