The Secret of Life教案

the secret of life教案
book 9 module 2
dna—the secret of life
i．教学内容分析
本模块介绍了关于dna的研究现状、最新成果并对未来这一高科技领域的发展进行展望,进一步激发学生探索生命科学的兴趣,培养学生团结协作的科学素养, 帮助学生辨证思考转基因克隆等高科技发展可能给人类带来的益处和负面效应以及相应的道德挑战.
语言知识目标: 词汇, 语法以及话题—dna以及基因工程
ii. 语言技能目标
   听: 能识别所学词语和结构,听懂包含这些词语和结构的句子、段落的意义并获取信息；能听懂篇章内容并获取信息；能听懂关于dna以及基因工程或者qita科学进展的来自其他资源的相关信息.
   说: 能流利说出含有本模块词语和结构的句子、段落；能进行谈论科学发现的对话；能熟练完成本模块不知的讨论任务。
  读： 能理解含有本模块所学词语和结构的句子、段落并获取信息；能理解模块提供的和来自同学及其他资源的相关信息并通过有一定难度的练习对阅读内容进行预测、理解、对比、分析、综合等加工，提高阅读能力。
   写： 能熟练写出包含所学词语和结构的句子、段落；能完成模块所要求的短文写作和其他书面练习。
introduction通过讨论初步感知遗传学的概念，接触有关词汇，完成测验。
reading and vocabulary（1）通过阅读,学习掌握和初步运用有关词语; 分析课本内容, 做出合理的推测和判断;并就阅读内容展开讨论.
language in use (1) 复习和巩固the / this / now的用法.
vocabulary and listening 通过听的活动, 提高对文章整体的理解能力和听力的概括能力.
language in use (2) 复习和运用was / were, it , much
reading and vocabulary (2) 了解现代遗传学的发展以及可能带来的相关问题; 学习和初步运用有关的词汇;提高阅读能力.
cultural corner 通过阅读科幻小说<<时光机器>> 所描述的两种生物,进一步激发学生对生命奥秘的兴趣.
ii．教学计划
    本模块分为五个课时：
    第一课时：introduction，presentation skill, cultural corner
    第二课时：reading and vocabulary（1）
    第三课时：language in use(1) &(2)
    第四课时：reading and vocabulary(2),
第五课时：reading practice，task，module file
iii. learning strategy:   
1. cognitive strategy (认知策略)
2. monitoring strategy（调控策略）
3. communication strategy（交际策略）
4. resource strategy （资源策略）
iv．教学步骤
period one
content: introduction，speaking．cultural corner
procedure: introduction
step 1 : match the word and phrases in the box with their meanings
  look like    resemble    take after
1. to have similar physical features as someone else    look like
2. to be similar to an older person in your family in appearance or personality 
take after
3. a formal word meaning to have similar physical  features as someone else. resemble
step 2 work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1. who do you look like, your mother or your father? explain how you resemble him / her.
2. who do you take after in your personality?
step 3 complete the sentences about the body with the words in the box.
cell   diseases  environment   gender  genetics   identical   twin
1. something that is found in all living things is a ________.
2.a ______ is one of two children born at the same time to the some mother.
3. __________ is the study of genes.
4. some __________ are inherited but not all of them.
5. the _______ of a child is is a boy or a girl.
6. twins who are _________ have exactly the same genes.
7. the ____________ as well as our genes makes us who we are.
答案: cell    twin   genetics   diseases   gender   identical   environment
step 4 discuss which characteristics you have inherited from your parents and which characteristics are formed by your environment.
use the words in the box.
eyesight eye color  gene  health  height  intelligence weight personality
cultural corner
read the passage and answer the questions.
how are the eloi and the morlocks different from each other?
the eloi live above ground, while the morlocks live underground; the eloi are small, beautiful and unable to do physical work, while the morlocks are strong and wicked. their appearance was very different, too. the eloi were hairy only on their heads, while the morlocks had hair down their backs, too. the morlocks’ eyes were grayish- red, while the elois’ yes were large and mild.

period two
content: reading and vocabulary（1）
step 1 read parts 1 and 2 of the passage and answer the questions.
1. why did watson and crick say, “we have discovered the secret of life”?
because they discovered dna and that is what genes are made of.
2. do you think storied a-d in part 2 are true? why?/ why not?
story a
dna testing was made a standard procedure in criminal investigations.
story b
using a technology called genetic engineering, a couple had a highly intelligent, good – looking baby.
story c
having been inserted an animal gene, mark won all his races.
story d
having been tested that the unborn child would have a terrible, inherited illness, the couple decided to get rid of it.
step 2 read part 3 of the passage and answer the questions.
1. what will genetic engineering help scientists to do in the near future?
insert new genes into people to create new characteristics.
2. what does the writer feel about the new developments in genetics?
some things would be positive but others might change the basic nature of human beings; he feels we must be careful in making decisions.
step 3 look at the words from the passage
commit a murder   couple   hereditary  perform an operation        pregnant   question   reproduce       victim
1. …how do living things reproduce themselves?                                    this means ____.                                      
a. to have babies or produce young plants                                                        b. to feed themselves 
2. … our genes, which pass hereditary characteristics on to our children.                                          this means ______.                                      
a.new                                                                 b. inherited from parents
 3. although the police questioned him …                                                            this means _______.                           
a. to wonder about someone               
b. to ask someone questions
4. but when he committed the murder …                                                this means _______.                                    
a. killed the man                                    
b. saw the dead man
5. … waters left some of his own cells on his victim.                                                this means ______.                                      
a. the person he attacked                               
b. his own clothes
6. about six months ago, mark secretly visited a surgeon, who performed an operation on him.   this means ________.                            
a mark had an operation                              
b. the surgeon said mark should have an operation
7. damian peterson and his wife clara are another couple…                             this means ______.                                 
a. two people who are married                     
b. example
8. when clara became pregnant …                                      this means _______.                          
a. became worried                                        
b. was going to have a baby
step 4 read through the words in the box, and pay attention to the stress.
advance alter athlete benefit consequence development field                            good-looking  insert  structure   technology
1. what is another word for                 
 a. athlete                                                 
b. consequence                                    
c. alter                                          
d. field                                                  
e. good -looking
2. does a plant have a structure?
yes, it does.
3. what are the benefits of learning english?
international communication.
4. can you think of a technology that is used in business?
computer technology.
5. which two words in the box can have more or less the same meaning?
advance, development
6. if you insert something, what do you do?
put it into something else.
step 6 find these sentences and phrases in the passage.
1. the discovery of dna has been called the most important biological work of the last 100 years. why?
  because it has such a big influence on our lives.
2. but when he committed the murder, waters left some of his own cells on his victim.
what were scientists able to do as a result?
match the dna in the cells to the dna of the suspect.
3. two months later julia had a small but very expensive operation …
what do you think the surgeon did?
4. he’s a world champion again …
  why doesn’t mark deserve to be a world champion?
because he is not a “natural” champion.
5. … hospital tests showed that her child would have this illness.
why did clara have hospital tests?
to find our if their unborn child had the family’s hereditary disease.
6. a new future is approaching.
why does the writer say this?
because genetic engineering will become very common and change everything.
7. on the other hand, we may soon be able to get rid of the disease --- but keep the baby!
how might we do this?
8. … there are many important issues to discuss.
can you give some examples?
period three
content: reading practice
step 1 answer the questions
1. what is genetically modified food?
2. how can you tell the difference between ordinary food and gm food?
3. how much gm food is there in china?
4. what are the advantages of gm food?
5. what are the disadvantages?
6. what should we do about gm food in china?
step 2 discussion
not much is known about long-term effects of gm food on humans and the environment. it is “unpredictable”.
step 3 read the text again and answer the following questions
1. is transgenic food the same as genetically modified food?
    yes.
2. what is the risk of producing a gm crop which kills pests?
it will kill good insects as well.
3. why is the risk from carcinogens reduced in gm food?
because there are fewer traces of cancer inducing pesticides in the food.
4. what is the risk to someone who is allergic to a particular gene?
if that gene is transferred to another food, and the allergic person doesn’t know.
5. how does the amount of gm food in the us compare with the number of people who think it’s dangerous?
30﹪ of maize, 50﹪ of soya beans, 50﹪ of potatoes and tomatoes are gm , and 27﹪ of consumers are worried about the dangers of gm.
6. how could gm food be stopped from entering china?
by having the customs inspect all imported foods.
7. how did the writer know that there weren't any imported gm foods in the markets?
they did a big survey.
8. what action is going to be taken about gm foods in china?
foods are going to be labeled.
9. do you think the writer agrees with this action?
yes.
step 4 look at these pairs of sentences from the passage. decide if the second sentence adds to or contrasts with the information in the first sentences.
1. (a) … gm food is already common in the united states.
  (b) china does not produce very much gm food …
2. (a) in canada and the united states, 27 percent of consumers fear that gm food could be dangerous.
   (b) in europe, a majority of consumers are in favor of banning them, and 79 percent of the uk public opposes gm food.
3. (a) chinese customs do not list transgenic products as an item requiring inspection.
   (b) therefore gm products may enter the country from abroad.
4.  (a) neither young nor old people feared possible side effects from gm foods.
    (b) … some parents of children said that they would now pay more attention to food labeling.
step 5 : answer the questions
 1. scientists have found that a crop with agene that kills pests can leave a poison in the soil that kills helpful as well as harmful insects.
(a) what can the crop do?
leave a poison in the soil.
  (b) what does the crop contain?
   a gene that kills pests
  (c) what can the poison in the soil do?
 kills helpful as well as harmful insects
2. yet reducing the amount of insecticides needed by using gm crops can reduce the amount of cancer producing chemicals --- or carcinogens --- that are found in food.
(a) how can you reduce the amount of insecticides needed?
by using gm crops
(b) what needs insecticides?
the crops
(c) what can reduce cancer producing chemicals?
using less insecticides
3. if a gene that produces an allergic reaction is transferred into another crop, then a person who usually avoids food containing this gene may not know that it is now present in the modified food.
(a) what kind of gene is it?
one which causes an allergic reaction
(b) what kind of person is it?
a person who usually avoids those foods
(c) what might this person not know?
that the gm food has that gene in it
4. unfortunately, the “agricultural organisms transgenic engineering safety implementation measures” issued by the chinese ministry of agriculture do not apply to imported agricultural products.
(a) what are issued by the chinese ministry of agriculture?
the “agricultural organisms transgenic engineering safety implementation measures”
(b) what do they not apply to?
imported agricultural products
(c) why is this unfortunate?
because gm food will be imported unchecked.
step 6  discussion
1. are you for or against gm food? explain why.
2. what do you think should be done about gm food in china? ban the planting of gm crops, ban the sale of gm food, label it clearly, or anything else?
period four
content: reading and vocabulary(2)
step1 scanning
read the passage and complete the sentences.
1. scientists will soon have the ability to __________________.
2. however, scientists will not be able to ____________________________
step 2 read the passage again and answer the questions.
1. which characteristics, physical or psychological, are inherited or mostly inherited?
physical.
2. does it seem that most psychological traits are inherited? give examples in your answer.
it is a mixture of inherited and environmental factors that affect traits like violence or getting on well with people.
3. why won’t scientists be able to tell us a lot about our future?
because of the unpredictable nature of environmental factors.
4. what do “these new developments” refer to in the last paragraph?
the ability to read our genes.
5. what kind of problems will these new developments create?
they many mean that people will be prejudged on factors which would not actually occur, simply because of what their genes predict may happen.
step 3 find these words in the passage and match the words with their meaning.
complicated  decade  in detail  envelope   to a (great) extent  insurance                company   physical    psychological
1. a period of ten years
2. connected with your body rather than your mind
3. c paper cover that you put a letter in before you send it
4. a particular characteristic in someone’s personality
5. mainly
6. connected with your mind and feelings
7. giving smaller facts
8. a company that will pay you money if you are ill, when you pay money every month
9. using physical force to hurt people or damage property
step 4 explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
1. as long as you have a good diet, scientists can predict your height by looking at your parents’ heights.
if you have a good diet, it means that you are eating healthily. healthy eating means the right balance between different types of food.
2. we now know that the need to wear glasses has a genetic cause.
the need to wear glasses is caused by various eye problems. people who are short-sighted are only able to read things which are close to them, while people who are long-sighted cannot see things clearly when they are near. both long- and short-sightedness can be corrected by wearing glasses.
3. our eating habits also appear to be decided by our genes!
eating habits are the tendency to prefer certain kinds of food. some people are said to have a “sweet booth” because they like lots of cakes, sweets and chocolates. other people naturally don’t like meat and so on.
4. do you enjoy dangerous sports such as car racing?
car racing is the competition between high-performance cars, usually around a track. the formula one circuit is perhaps the best known of these but there are also other kinds of race, such as rallies.
5. this is true of things such as how violent we are, and how well we get on with other people
how well we get on with other people is to do with our temperament. some people like the company of others while other people prefer to be alone. some people are happy to share, while others are selfish. these characteristics will affect how well we get on with other people.
6. … the fact is that scientists will be able to “read” our genes in the near future.
literally the verb “read” means to look at marks on paper and understand what they mean. the word is also applied in other contexts, such as to “read” your mind --- to try to understand what someone is thinking. in this genetic context, it means to understand what  a person is like by looking at the make-up of their genes.
step 5 read dna --- the secret of life on page 16 again. compare it with your genes, your future on page 22.
1. which passage do you find more exciting?

2. do either of the passages worry you? why?/ why not?

3. which passage gives examples from real life?
would you prefer examples from real life in the other passage?
4. which passage gives more scientific information? would you prefer to have more scientific information?
5. which passage do you think you will remember for longer?
period five
content: task，module file
write an article. you should:
introduce the subject of genetics