2020高考英语一轮复习Unit 12

XX高考英语一轮教学案大纲版

unit 12
理解:要点诠释
单词
1.treat
讲:v.以……态度对待；以……方式对待；医疗；医治；治疗
n.乐趣；乐事；款待
例：treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.
小心使用你的键盘，这样你可以使用很多年。
my parents still treat me like a child.
父母仍然把我当成孩子。
when i was young,chocolate was a treat.
我年轻的时候，吃巧克力是一种难得的享受。
let’s go out for lunch—my treat.
咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。
链接•拓展
    (1)treat sb./sth.as sth.把……看作；把……视为
    i decided to treat his remark as a joke.
     我决定把他的话当作戏言。
    (2)treat sb./oneself to sth.招待；款待；请(客)；买(可享受的东西)
    she treated him to lunch.
    她请他吃午饭。
    (3)a treat 极为有效；棒极了
    his idea worked a treat(=was successful).
    他的主意极为奏效。
练：(1)（XX浙江模拟） more patients ______in hospital this year than last year.
a.treated                                        b.have treated
c.had been treated                               d.have been treated
提示:patients与treat之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，故排除a项和b项；由时间状语this year判断，应使用现在完成时态，故选d。
答案:d
(2)—i’d love to go with you to the concert,but i’m short of money these days.
—that’s all right.___________.
a.we are friends,and we should help each other
b.it will be my treat
c.you know i have a lot of money
d.i’ve got enough money
提示:考查情景对话it will be my treat.由我来请客吧。
答案:b
2.habit
讲：n.习惯
例：you need to change your eating habits.
你得改变你的饮食习惯。
it’s all right to borrow money occasionally,but don’t let it become a habit.
偶尔借点钱没关系，但不要养成习惯。
链接•拓展
    (1)be in the/a habit of=have the/a habit of 有……的习惯(或脾气)
    我不习惯让陌生人进我家。
    (2)get/fall into the/a habit of 养成……的习惯
    (3)break/get out of the/a habit of戒的习惯
练：（XX山东潍坊质量检测） when you go abroad for further study,you should learn to adapt to the _______ of the destination country.
a.customs            b.habits               c.practice             d.instruction
提示：custom指社会习俗，habit指个人习惯。
答案:a
短语
1.in trouble
讲：该短语意为：处于不幸、苦恼、困境中；有麻烦
例：he is always ready to help anyone who is in trouble.
他总是乐于帮助有麻烦的人。
if i don’t get this finished in time,i’ll be in trouble.
我如不按时把这完成就要倒霉了。
链接•拓展
    (1)get into trouble遇到麻烦；出事
    (2)take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳地做；不厌其烦地做
    (3)have...trouble with或have...trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难
    其中的trouble是不可数名词。
    i have some trouble (in) reading his handwriting.
    我认他的笔迹有点困难。
练：(1)when i am ________,he is always the first person i turn to.
a.into trouble           b.at trouble          c.in trouble         d.in troubles
提示:into 是动态介词，不能表示状态，故排除a项；at trouble不符合英语表达习惯，故排除b项；trouble是不可数名词，不能用复数，故排除d项。
答案:c
(2)some students have trouble_____grammar while others have difficulty____new words.
a.in；remember                               b.for；to remember
c.on；remembering                            d.with；remembering
提示:本题考查have trouble with sth.和have difficulty (in) doing sth.，答案为d。句意为:有些学生学语法有困难，而有些学生记生词有困难。
答案:d
2.come across
讲：(偶然)遇见；碰见；发现；被理解；被弄懂；给人以……印象；使产生……印象
例：i came across children sleeping under bridge.
我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。
she came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片。
he spoke for a long time but his meaning didn’t really come across.
他讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。
she comes across well in interviews.
她在面试中常给人留下很好的印象。
链接•拓展
     come out 出现(=appear)；出版(be published)；（消息）传出；真相大白
    come about发生(=happen)
    come to 达到；谈到；突然想起；苏醒；总计；共计
练：(1)—guess what! i _______an old friend at the party last night.
—how nice!i’m sure you had a wonderful time.
a.quarreled with                             b.came about
c.came across                               d.beat
提示:依据答语，排除a、d两项；come across表示“遇到”，与句意相符。
答案:c
(2)（XX天津河西质量调查） —how did you find this poem?
—i ______ it while reading a classic novel.
a.came down                              b.came about
c.came across                            d.came up
提示:本题考查动词短语的区别。come down降低，贬抑；come about发生，产生；come across碰到，遇到，偶然发现；come up上来，上升，抬头。
答案:c
3.used to do
讲：(用于表示过去持续或经常发生的事)曾经；过去常常
例：harry also learns to be brave and to do things he used to be afraid of.
哈利也变得大胆了，敢于做过去不敢做的事。
you used to see a lot of her,didn’t you?
你过去常见到她，是吗？
链接•拓展
    (1)be/get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于某事(做某事)
    i used to get up late,but now i am used to getting up early.
    我曾经起床很晚，但现在已习惯早起了。
    (2)be used to do sth.被用来做……
练：(1)there ______many people ________in the office,but now nobody is allowed to.
a.used to be；smoking                   b.used to have；smoking
c.used to be；smoke                     d.used to have；smoke
提示:“过去曾经有……”用“there used to be...”表示；“有人干某事”用“there be someone doing sth.”表示。故选a。
答案:a
(2)when he first got to hainan,he didn’t like the weather there,but gradually he _______it.
a.was tired of                         b.was used to
c.hated                                d.got used to
提示:强调由不习惯到习惯的过程，故选d。
答案:d
(3)water______ electricity widely all over the world.
a.is used to produce                  b.is used to producing
c.used to produce                     d.used to producing
提示:“被用来做……”用be used to do。
答案:a
句型
1.部分否定句
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
he knew that the church had many secret rooms and that not all of them were safe.
他知道教堂里有很多密室，而且并不是所有的密室都安全。
如果句中使用了all,both,every，再使用否定词not，无论not出现在何处，该句都应视为部分否定句，译成“并不是……都”。
例：not all of us agree with him.
=we don’t all agree with him.
我们并不是都同意他的观点。
not every student passed the exam.
=every student didn’ pass the exam.
并不是每一个学生考试都及格了。
not both of them are students.
=both of them are not students.
他们俩并不都是学生。
链接•提示
    表示全部否定时，三者或三者以上用none,两者用neither。
    none of us agreed with him.
    们都不同意他的观点。
    neither of them are students.
    他们俩都不是学生。
练：(1)（XX北京模拟） i invited joe and linda to dinner,but_____ of them came.
a.neither              b.either                 c.none                 d.both
提示:由句中的信息词joe and linda可知，邀请的是两个人，排除b、c两项；由转折词but可知，表示的是否定，故选a。
答案:a
(2)the advertisements say 2046 is the most romantic film.but i’m sure it won’t interest ________.
a.somebody           b.anybody                 c.everybody            d.nobody
提示:考查部分否定句。句意为:广告说《2046》是一部最浪漫的电影，但是我确信它并不会使人人感兴趣。
答案:c
2.含有if only的句子
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
if only they could find a way to get to the room,or whatever it was,behind the wall.
他们要是能够找到一条通道进入墙壁后面的那个房间，或无论什么地方，该有多好!
if only的意思是“但愿”，其后常接过去式或过去完成时，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。
例：if only you hadn’t told jackie what i said,everything would have been all right.
要是你没把我的话告诉杰吉就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。
if only i were rich.
但愿我很富有。
链接•拓展
    (1)only if只有
    only if引导的从句放在句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序。
    (2)if so
    if so经常用来代替肯定的条件状语从句，译法较活。
    (3)if not不然；要不
    if not(不然；要不)代替否定的条件状语从句。
    (4)but for若不是，要不是
    but for等于if it were not for...；if it hadn’t been for...，所在的句子常用虚拟语气。
练：(1)—did you meet with the famous star?
—_______i had come here earlier.
a.only if               b.if only             c.but for             d.as long as
提示:句意为:“你见到那个著名的明星了吗？”“我要是早点来就好了。” 答话人表示遗憾，故选b。
答案:b
(2)look at the terrible situation i am in! if only i _______your advice.
a.follow              b.would follow        c.had followed        d.have followed
提示:if only引导的句子中多用虚拟语气，此处表示的是过去。
答案:c
辨析
1.believe,believe in
believe表示“相信某件事情或某人的话”。
believe in sb./sth.表示“相信某人或某物的存在”或“信赖；信任；相信某人会成功”。
即时练习:
(1)do you _______god?
(2)they need a leader they can _________.
(3)you can _______him this time but you’d better not ______him.
(4)don’t you _______what i say?
(5)people used to _______the earth was flat.
答案:(1)believe in  (2)believe in  (3)believe,believe in  (4)believe  (5)believe
2.power,strength,force
这三个词都有“力量”之意。
power用法最广，用于各种身的、心的、隐藏的、外显的力量，也可指事物的某种作用力或动力。
strength指内部的能力，是身体组织内存在的体力。
force指运用或发挥出来的外在的、活动的力，含有克服阻力而使人或物按要求的方向运动之意。
即时练习:
(1)knowledge is_________.
(2)the boy lifted the stone with all his ________.
(3)she doesn’t have enough _______to walk upstairs.
(4)carrying this baggage requires a lot of _______.
(5)the ________of the wind knocked over a tree.
答案:(1)power  (2)strength  (3)strength  (4)power  (5)force
诱思：实例点拨
【例1】 （XX天津模拟） bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _____.
a.ability                b.force                c.strength              d.mind
提示:本题考查词义辨析。ability指“能力”；mind指的是“思维；想法；理智”。进行体育锻炼的目的是增强体力，故选c。
答案:c
讲评:解考查词义辨析的题时，要首先明确各个选项的意义，以及他们的不同，然后要正确理解句意。
【例2】 （XX福建模拟） i made a call to my parents yesterday.to my disappointment______,of them answered it.
a.either                b.none                c.neither              d.nobody
提示:从句意看，应该使用全部否定，从上句中的parents判断，选项应该使用表示“两者都不”的neither。
答案:c
【例3】 (XX辽宁模拟) this book tells ______life story of john smith,who left_____ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.
a.the；the            b.a；the               c.the；/                d.a；/
提示:leave college/school 意为“离校”，即毕业或肄业 。例如:(unit 11 p75)elvis left school and became a truck driver.艾尔维斯毕业后当了一名卡车司机。因此首先排除a、b两项；第一空应该用the，特指john smith的生活经历。故选c。
答案:c
讲评:表示去(在)某处，泛指与那个地点有关的活动，而不表示具体的地点时，地点名词前不用冠词。如果表示具体的位置，则要用定冠词the。学习中要注意区分，牢记固定词组；解题时要分析、判断，作出正确选择。