Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism

一. 教学内容：Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism. lesson 2 and lesson 3 二. 重点、难点：（一）单词：optimism  n. 乐观；乐观主义optimist   n. 乐天派；乐观者optimistic   adj. 乐观的pessimism   n. 悲观；悲观主义pessimist   n. 悲观论者；悲观主义者pessimistic   adj. 悲观的heart attack 心脏病发作tend to  趋于；倾向于hopeful  adj. 抱有希望的；抱乐观态度的 incident   n. 发生的事；（尤指不平常的）事件 （二）词组句子： 短语归纳be good for… 对……有好处in the future 将来correct the problem 改正问题change the way you talk 改变你说话的方式die from…  死于…… 重点句型1. how often do you go shopping? 你多久购物一次？2. welcome to our store. 欢迎光临本店。3. what’s your favorite kind of tea? 您最喜欢的是哪一种茶？ 语法重点infinitives & gerunds 动词不定式和动名词 三. 具体内容：课文讲解：

lesson 2 read and think

optimism and pessimism are you an optimist or a pessimist? optimists are always hopeful and positive. pessimists always expect the worst and see the negative side of things. the optimist says, “the glass is half-full.” the pessimist says, “the glass is half-empty.” dr. seligman is a psychologist whose studies show that optimists are healthier than pessimists. pessimists suffer from depression more often than optimists do. there were a group of men who had heart attacks. after eight years, most of the optimistic men were still alive, while most of the pessimistic men had died from another heart attack.

dr. seligman also says that optimists are more successful. athletes, politicians, and businessmen who have optimistic views of the world tend to succeed.

here’s the good news: everyone can learn to be more optimistic. the main way is to change the way you talk to yourself. when something bad happens to pessimists, they believe it will affect them their whole lives. when something bad happens to optimists, they see that it is just one event. they also believe that they can correct the problem, so it won’t happen in the future. here’s an example:

an optimist and a pessimist take a match test. they are both good students, but both of them fail this test. the pessimist thinks, “i’m probably going to fail every test. i’m never going to learn math. it’s too difficult for me. nobody will like me because i’m a terrible student.” the optimist thinks, “it was only one test. i’m a smart student. i know i can do much better next time.” be kinder to yourself. be more hopeful. always see the glass as half-full! 

reading comprehension circle the best answer for each question. 1. who is dr. seligman? (b)  a. a man who has a heart attack.   b. a psychologist who studies optimists and pessimists.   c. an athlete who won the gold medal. 2. after eight years, what happened to the heart attach victims who were pessimistic? (a)  a. most of them died.   b. half of them were healthy.   c. most of them were students. 3. what do optimists think when something bad happens? (c)  a. it will affect them their whole lives.   b. it happens because of other people.   c. it is just one incident. 4. what should you do to become more optimistic? (a)  a. say encouraging things to yourself.   b. have a heart attack.   c. become a student. 5. which sentence best describes how an optimist looks at life? (a)  a. the glass is half-full.   b. the glass is half-empty.   c. the glass is full.  

forming opinions: guided writing1. a student wants to explain why it is better to be an optimist. study his notes.

optimists are healthier. dr. seligman’s studies show that: (a) optimists live longer than the pessimists. (b) optimists suffer less from depression.

optimists are more successful. (a) athletes win more. (b) politicians get more votes. (c) businessmen do better work.  2. now help this student write a well-organized paragraph. give reasons for each opinion.   i believe that it is better to be an optimist for two reasons. first of all, (1) optimists are healthier. dr. seligman studied some (2) optimists and pessimists. the optimists live (3) longer than the pessimists. he also says that (4) optimists suffer less from depression. the other main reason is that (5) optimists are more successful. athletes that are optimistic (6) views of the word tend to succeed optimistic (7) politicians get more votes. and optimistic (8) businessmen do better work. for these reasons i will try to be more optimistic.  【典型例题】（   ）1. no matter what _________, you should keep calm.   a. takes place                      b. happens                   c. occur   解析：选b。三个词都有“发生”之意，都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。但happen往往表示偶然或未能预见地发生；take place指事先布置或策划好后发生；occur通常可以与happen互换。 （   ）2. we will have a party this weekend. will you _________us?   a. take part in                     b. join                         c. attend   解析：选b。join 通常只参加某组织或团体；attend是正式用语，只参加会议或仪式等；take part in 是参加活动。 （   ）3. i’ve won a holiday for two weeks to florida. i _________my mom.   a. am taking                       b. have taken               c. will have taken   解析：选a。本题中i am taking my mom 是进行时表示将来。 （   ）4. careless driving __________a lot of highway accidents.   a. affects                           b. causes                     c. results   解析：选b。cause 是“导致、引起”的意思，与accident 搭配。occur：   v. 发生    vi. 出现，存在，发生