类型提示(Type Hinting)是Python 3.5版本引入的一种语法,它允许开发者为变量、函数参数和返回值指定预期的类型,以方便代码的阅读、维护和检查。类型提示并不会强制Python解释器进行类型检查,也不会影响代码的运行,它只是一种可选的编码规范。
要使用类型提示,你需要遵循以下几个步骤:
# 变量声明
name: str = "Alice"
age: int = 18
scores: list[float] = [95.5, 88.0, 92.0]
# 函数定义
def add(x: int, y: int) -> int:
return x + y
# 类定义
class Person:
def __init__(self, name: str, age: int) -> None:
self.name = name
self.age = age
def add(x: int, y: int) -> int:
return x + y
print(add(1, 2)) # 正确
print(add("a", "b")) # 错误
运行结果为:
$ mypy test.py
test.py:5: error: Argument 1 to "add" has incompatible type "str"; expected "int"
test.py:5: error: Argument 2 to "add" has incompatible type "str"; expected "int"
Found 2 errors in 1 file (checked 1 source file)
可以看到,mypy工具能够发现传入错误类型的参数,并给出相应的错误信息。
页面更新:2024-03-03
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