在这节中我们主要介绍在ASP.NET Core Identity如何使用Claims，ASP.NET Core Identity Claims是颁发给用户键值对(name=value)表示用户允许做什么。例如，驾驶执照颁发机构给个人颁发驾驶执照，如果驾照上的DOB是1990年12月21日，那么在这种情况下，claim name 是DOB，claim value是1990年12月21日，签发人是驾驶执照当局。这意味着用户是由驾驶执照当局授权驾驶汽车
public class ClaimsController : Controller{public ClaimsController(){}public IActionResult Index(){return View(User.Claims);}}
@model IEnumerable<System.Security.Claims.Claim>@{ViewData["Title"] = "Claims";}<p class="container"><p class="row mb-3"><p class="col-sm"><table class="table table-bordered align-middle"><thead><tr><th>名称th><th>颁发机构th><th>类型th><th>值th>tr>thead><tbody>@foreach (var claim in Model.OrderBy(x => x.Type)){<tr><td>@claim?.Subject?.Nametd><td>@claim?.Issuertd><td>@claim?.Typetd><td>@claim?.Valuetd>tr>}tbody>table>p>p>p>
我们运行应用程序使用并使用如下邮箱和密码进行登陆(如果没有可以自行添加)
导航到 https://localhost:7296/Claims
对一个用户创建和删除Identity Claims，首先创建一个新的Create.cshtml，在Views -> Claims 目录下，代码如下：
@{ViewData["Title"] = "新增Claim";}"All" class="text-danger">p>><p class="mb-3 row align-items-center"><p class="col-sm-1"><label for="ClaimType" class="control-label">Claim 类型:label>p><p class="col-sm-11"><input name="ClaimType" class="form-control" />p>p><p class="mb-3 row align-items-center"><p class="col-sm-1"><label for="ClaimValue">Claim 值:label>p><p class="col-sm-11"><input name="ClaimValue" class="form-control" />p>p><p class="mb-3 row align-items-center"><p class="col-sm-11 offset-sm-1"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">保存button><button asp-action="Index" class="btn btn-secondary">返回button>p>p>form>
@model IEnumerable@{ViewData["Title"] = "Claims";}class="container"><p class="row mb-3"><p class="col-sm-3"><a asp-action="Create" class="btn btn-primary">新增a>p><p class="col-sm-3">p><p class="col-sm-3">p><p class="col-sm-3">p>p>class="row mb-3"><p class="col-sm"><table class="table table-bordered align-middle"><thead><tr><th>名称th><th>颁发机构th><th>类型th><th>值th><td>删除td>tr>thead><tbody>@foreach (var claim in Model.OrderBy(x => x.Type)){<tr><td>@claim?.Subject?.Nametd><td>@claim?.Issuertd><td>@claim?.Typetd><td>@claim?.Valuetd><td><form asp-action="Delete" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="claimValues" value="@claim?.Type;@claim?.Value;@claim?.Issuer" /><button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">删除button>form>td>tr>}tbody>table>p>p></p>
public class ClaimsController : Controller{private UserManager _userManager;public ClaimsController(UserManager userManager){_userManager = userManager;}public IActionResult Index(){return View(User.Claims);}public IActionResult Create() => View();[]public async TaskCreate(string claimType, string claimValue) {var user = await _userManager.GetUserAsync(HttpContext.User);Claim claim = new Claim(claimType, claimValue, ClaimValueTypes.String);IdentityResult result = await _userManager.AddClaimAsync(user ?? new AppUser(), claim);if (result.Succeeded)return RedirectToAction("Index");elseErrors(result);return View();}[]public async TaskDelete(string claimValues) {var user = await _userManager.GetUserAsync(HttpContext.User);string[] claimValuesArray = claimValues.Split(";");string claimType = claimValuesArray[0], claimValue = claimValuesArray[1], claimIssuer = claimValuesArray[2];Claim? claim = User.Claims.Where(x => x.Type == claimType && x.Value == claimValue && x.Issuer == claimIssuer).FirstOrDefault();IdentityResult result = await _userManager.RemoveClaimAsync(user ?? new AppUser(), claim);if (result.Succeeded)return RedirectToAction("Index");elseErrors(result);return View("Index");}void Errors(IdentityResult result){foreach (IdentityError error in result.Errors)ModelState.AddModelError("", error.Description);}}
首先我们从_userManager.GetUserAsync()获取当前用户，接着我们添加Claim对象，最后我们将Claim对象添加到用户中。_userManager.AddClaimAsync()可以为用户创建claim
Claim claim = User.Claims.Where(x => x.Type == claimType && x.Value == claimValue && x.Issuer == claimIssuer).FirstOrDefault();测试这个特性，运行应用程序并且使用tom用户进行登录，进入https://localhost:7296/Claims 页面，点击新增按钮：
我们在新增页面输入下面值：
源代码地址：
https://github.com/bingbing-gui/Asp.Net-Core-Skill/tree/master/AspNetCore.Identity/Identity
页面更新：2024-03-29
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