每日外刊 诺贝尔物理学奖授予探索量子怪异性的三位科学家

背景知识

北京时间10月4日17时45分,诺贝尔奖委员会公布了2022年物理学奖获得者:阿兰·艾斯佩特、约翰·克劳泽和安东·塞林格,以表彰他们在“纠缠光子实验、确立对贝尔不等式的违反和开创性的量子信息科学”方面的成就。诺贝尔物理学委员会指出,他们的工作“为量子技术的新时代奠定了基础”。


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Nobel Prize in Physics Is Awarded to 3 Scientists for Work Exploring Quantum Weirdness

诺贝尔物理学奖授予探索量子怪异性的三位科学家

Three physicists whose works each showed that nature is even weirder than Einstein had dared to imagine have been named winners of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics. John Clauser, of J.F. Clauser and Associates in Walnut Creek, Calif.; Alain Aspect of the Institut d’Optique in Palaiseau, France; and Anton Zeilinger of the University of Vienna in Austria, will split a prize of 10 million Swedish kronor. Their independent works explored the foundations of quantum mechanics, the paradoxical rules that govern behavior in the subatomic world. In experiments conducted over the last 50 years, they confirmed the reality of an effect that Albert Einstein had disdained as “spooky action at a distance.”

三位物理学家被提名为2022年诺贝尔物理学奖得主。他们的研究分别表明:自然界比爱因斯坦敢于想象的还要怪。这三位获奖者分别是来自加州核桃溪J.F. Clauser & Associates研究所的物理学家约翰·克劳泽,法国帕莱索光学研究所的阿兰·艾斯佩特(Alain Aspect)以及和奥地利维也纳大学的安东·塞林格,将分享1000万瑞典克朗的奖金。他们的独立工作探索了量子力学的基础——即支配亚原子世界行为的悖论性规则。在过去50年进行的实验中,他们证实了爱因斯坦所不屑的“幽灵般的超距”效应的真实性。

Measuring one of a widely separated pair of particles could instantaneously change the results of measuring the other particle, even if it was light-years away. Today, physicists call this strange effect quantum entanglement, and it is the basis of the burgeoning field of quantum information. When the award winners were announced on Tuesday, Eva Olsson, a member of the Nobel Committee for Physics, noted that quantum information science had broad implications in areas like cryptography and quantum computing.

测量一对相距甚远的粒子中的一个可以瞬间改变测量另一个粒子的结果,即使它在光年之外。今天,物理学家称这种奇怪的效应为量子纠缠,它是蓬勃发展的量子信息领域的基础。周二宣布获奖者时,诺贝尔物理学委员会成员伊娃·奥尔森指出,量子信息科学在密码学和量子计算等领域有广泛的影响。

Quantum information science is a “vibrant and rapidly developing field,” she said. “Its predictions have opened doors to another world, and it has also shaken the very foundation of how we interpret measurements.”

量子信息科学是一个“充满活力和快速发展的领域,”她说。“它的预测为我们打开了通往另一个世界的大门,它也动摇了我们解释测量方法的基础。”


今日单词


素材来源

文本选自:The New York Times(纽约时报)

作者:Isabella Kwai, Cora Engelbrecht and Dennis Overbye

原文发布时间:4 Oct. 2022


每日美句

A work ill done must be twice done.

首次做不好,必须重新搞。

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页面更新:2024-04-17

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