每日外刊 通过对小行星展开的危险任务测试地球防御技术

背景知识

美国东部时间9月26日晚间(北京时间9月27日早晨),美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的“双小行星重定向测试(DART)”航天器撞击一颗近地小行星,以期改变其运行轨道。NASA表示,这是世界上首次旨在防御地球免受小行星撞击威胁的测试任务。如果撞击改变了目标小行星的轨道,那将是人类首次改变太空中自然天体的运动。NASA行星科学部主任洛里·格莱兹表示,这次任务开启了一个人类可能有能力阻止小行星撞击地球的时代。


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A suicide mission to an asteroid tests a way of defending Earth

通过对小行星展开的危险任务测试地球防御技术

The idea that Earth is threated from outer space sounds, at first encounter, like science fiction. Hostile aliens either do not exist or, if they do, are too far away to matter. But space rocks are real—and some, at least, are too close for comfort. It is less than a decade since residents of Chebarkul, a city in Chelyabinsk oblast, Russia, witnessed the explosion in the atmosphere of a meteorite reckoned to be a mere 20 metres across. Though no one was killed, about 1,500 people were seriously injured, mostly by flying window glass.

地球面对外太空威胁的说法,乍听起来像是科幻小说。敌对外星人要么根本不存在,即使存在,也太遥远了,影响不大。但太空岩石是真实存在的,至少它们中有一些近得让人担忧。俄罗斯车里雅宾斯克州切巴尔库尔市的居民目睹了一颗直径仅20米的陨石在空中爆炸,该事件发生至今还不到十年。虽然没有出现人员死亡的情况,但约有1500人伤情严重,大部分是被爆炸造成的玻璃碎片砸伤。

If Earth were hit by something a bit bigger than the Chelyabinsk bolide, the damage could be immense. And there are a lot of candidates out there. The neo Observations Programme, a project intended to locate and track so-called Near Earth Objects that are 140 metres across or bigger—of which there are reckoned to be about 25,000—is less than halfway to its goal of cataloguing 90% of them. So far, no immediate threat has been discovered. But if one were to be, would there be anything people could do about it?

如果撞击地球的是比车里雅宾斯克流星体更大的天体,破坏可能极为严重。而且外太空还有很多可能会撞击地球的天体。“近地天体观测计划”的项目旨在定位和追踪直径达140米或以上被称为近地天体的小行星,目标是完成90%此类天体编目分类的工作,估计现已探测到25000个,还不到计划的一半。目前还没有(近地天体对我们的地球造成)直接威胁。但如果发现危险近地天体,有没有什么是人们可以做的呢?

To test one possible answer to that question—hitting an incoming bolide with a suitably massive object and thus altering its course—NASA, America's space agency, has just crashed a space probe called dart (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) into Dimorphos, a small asteroid in orbit around another, larger one, Didymos. dart's mass was 600kg, and the intention of the collision, which occurred at 2314 Universal Time (otherwise known as GMT) on September 26th, and was recorded by dart's companion craft, liciaCube, is to speed Dimorphos's orbit up by about ten minutes.

为了验证该问题的一个潜在解决方案,用一个符合条件的大质量物体撞击目标小行星,从而改变其轨道,美国宇航局(NASA)名为dart(双小行星重定向测试)的航空探测器撞击了体积较小的小行星Dimorphos,该小行星(在双小行星系统中)围绕着体积较大的小行星Didymos运行。DART航天器重约600公斤,于世界时间9月26日23时14分(或格林尼治标准时间)成功完成撞击,目的是使其绕行轨道周期缩短约10分钟,其搭载的立方卫星LiciaCube记录下了撞击现场。


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文本选自:The Economist(经济学人)

作者:Unknown

原文发布时间:28 Sept. 2022


每日美句

The shortest answer is doing.

最简短的回答就是行动。

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页面更新:2024-03-12

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