美媒：“天问一号”获得国际最高航天奖！中国火星探测先下一城

在上周日法国巴黎召开的第73届国际宇航大会上，中国首次火星探测天问一号任务团队获得国际宇航联合会2022年度世界航天奖。国际宇航联合会表示，天问一号研制团队提供了成功探测火星的创新路径，为推进人类火星探索事业和深空探测技术的发展作出了突出贡献。但这并非是中国航天团队第一次获得该奖项，第一次获得该奖项的是--嫦娥四号登陆月球背面任务，这是人类的探测器首次登陆月球背面。国外媒体Space也是第一时间进行了报道，其原文内容如下：

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The team behind China’s Tianwen 1 Mars spacecraft received the world’s highest aerospace award in Paris on Sunday.

上周日，中国“天问一号”火星探测器团队在巴黎获得了世界最高航天奖。

The International Astronautical Federation (IAF) said the Tianwen 1 mission, which landed on the red planet last year, “offered an innovative option for successful Mars exploration and contributed to the advancement of deep space exploration technology”.

国际宇航联合会(IAF)表示，去年登陆火星的“天问一号”任务“为火星探测的成功提供了一个创新的选择，并为深空探测技术的进步做出了贡献”。

“Tianwen 1 achieved orbiting, landing, and roving on Mars in one mission for the first time in history. The scientific data acquired during the mission made an essential contribution to a deeper understanding of Mars and the solar system,” the federation said.

“‘天问一号’在历史上首次实现了一次绕火星运行、着陆和漫游任务。这次任务中获得的科学数据对更深入地了解火星和太阳系做出了重要贡献。”

Sun Zezhou, chief designer of the Tianwen 1 system, accepted the World Space Award on behalf of the team from IAF president Pascale Ehrenfreund at the International Astronautical Congress.

在国际宇航大会上，“天问一号”系统系统总设计师孙泽洲在国际宇航大会上代表团队接受了来自IAF总裁帕斯卡尔·埃伦弗洛因德的世界空间奖。

It is the second time a Chinese team has been given the award. Two years ago, scientists from the Chang’e 4 mission were recognised for leading the world’s first robotic spacecraft landing on the far side of the moon. Sun was also the chief designer of that probe.

这是中国航天团队第二次获得该奖项。两年前，嫦娥四号任务的科学家们因领导了世界上第一个在月球背面着陆的机器人航天器而获得认可。孙也是该探测器的总设计师。

By Thursday, the Tianwen 1 orbiter had been operating for more than 780 days, the mission’s Zhurong rover had travelled nearly 2km (1.2 miles) across the Martian surface and the mission had fully completed its exploration goals, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said on Sunday.

中国国家航天局(CNSA)周日表示，截至周四，“天问一号”轨道器已经运行了780多天，“祝融”号在火星表面行驶了近2公里(1.2英里)，任务已经完全完成了其探索目标。

Among the first research results published so far, scientists said data and images of an area near the landing site pointed to major water activities about 1 billion years ago, which is much more recent than previously thought.

在迄今发表的首批研究成果中，科学家们说，着陆点附近一个地区的数据和图像表明，大约10亿年前有过重大的水活动，这比之前认为的要晚得多。

The results of their search for water-bearing minerals on Utopia Planitia in the northern lowlands of Mars were reported in Science Advances in May.

他们在火星北部低地的乌托邦平原上寻找含水矿物的结果发表在5月份的《科学进展》杂志上。

Landing a spacecraft on the surface of Mars is one of the hardest things to do in planetary exploration. Due to the red planet’s low atmospheric pressure, the spacecraft needs to be slowed down around 7 minutes before touching the ground – and do so on its own because it is too far away to receive instructions from the Earth in time.

在火星表面着陆宇宙飞船是行星探测中最困难的事情之一。由于这颗红色星球的低气压，航天器需要在触地前减速约7分钟，而且要自己减速，因为它距离地球太远，无法及时收到来自地球的指令。

China and the United States are the only countries to have landed a spacecraft on Mars, and Tianwen 1’s touchdown prompted calls for collaboration between the space nations.

中国和美国是世界上仅有的两个在火星上着陆过航天器的国家，“天问一号”的着陆激起了这两个太空国家之间合作的呼声。

Asked in Paris about cooperation with China, Nasa administrator Bill Nelson reportedly said it was “up to China” and there needed to be openness and transparency from the Chinese side.

据报道，美国宇航局局长比尔·纳尔逊在巴黎被问及与中国的合作时表示，这“取决于中国”，中国方面需要公开和透明。

However, Nasa is not allowed to cooperate with China because of the Wolf Amendment, a US law that has been in place since 2011 to prevent the agency from working with Chinese commercial or government space agencies on a bilateral basis.

然而，由于《沃尔夫修正案》(Wolf Amendment)，美国宇航局不被允许与中国合作。《沃尔夫修正案》是美国自2011年开始实施的一项法律，旨在阻止Nasa与中国商业或政府太空机构在双边基础上合作。

China does not have any law prohibiting cooperation with other spacefaring nations. Three European instruments went up on the Chang’e 4 mission and last week, the CNSA reached an agreement with the United Arab Emirates to help release their Rashid II rover during the Chang’e 7 mission to the moon’s southern polar region around 2026.

中国没有任何禁止与其他航天国家合作的法律。三个欧洲仪器在嫦娥四号任务中升空，上周，中国国家航天局与阿拉伯联合酋长国达成协议，在2026年左右嫦娥7号前往月球南极地区的任务期间，帮助释放他们的拉希德2号月球车。

China and the US are pushing ahead with their own missions to bring back rocks from Mars, possibly as early as 2031.

中国和美国正在推进各自从火星带回岩石的任务，最早可能在2031年。

中国和美国谁会最早将火星岩石样板带回地球？

The IAF is a non-governmental organisation established in 1951 to promote and coordinate global space activities, with members from major space agencies, companies, and research institutions worldwide.

国际宇航联合会是一个非政府组织，成立于1951年，旨在促进和协调全球空间活动，成员来自世界各地的主要航天机构、公司和研究机构。

The federation launched the World Space Award in 2013 to recognise a “most eminent person or team” who has made “an exceptional impact” to the progress of the world space activities.

联合会于2013年设立了世界空间奖，以表彰对世界空间活动的进展做出“杰出影响”的“最杰出的个人或团队”。

Previous recipients include Japan’s Hayabusa 2 asteroid sample return mission team and the Apollo 11 crew.

之前的获奖者包括日本隼鸟2号小行星样本返回任务团队和阿波罗11号机组人员。