莫斯科经济论坛演讲：突破！突破！中俄须加速智能科技合作！

感谢邀请，再次来到这么重要的论坛，向各位分享智能科技背景下的中俄合作与未来。

正如大家所知道的，21世纪第三个十年，全球加速迈入以AI、大数据、自动化为代表的智能科技时代。中国的快速崛起和技术突破，正在打破长期以来西方尤其是美国在高新技术领域的垄断格局，为世界特别是非西方国家打开了通往科技独立和可持续发展的新路径。

对于俄罗斯而言，中国崛起带来的不是竞争压力，而是前所未有的发展机遇和中俄合作新空间。

所以，我今天想讲述的核心观点是，中俄命运共同体不仅是政治口号，更具有科技实践的路径，支持中国崛起将为俄罗斯带来科技突破与国家复兴的重要保障。我要在此呼吁俄罗斯学者、政府与企业抓住中俄合作黄金窗口，共同塑造科技不被西方控制的未来。

请允许我用15分钟时间深度阐述。

全球科技竞争格局发展正在发生一场宏观演变——从西方主导转向多极化趋势，这无疑是中俄面临的重大历史机遇。

近十年来，全球仅AI领域的基础投资从2014年的80亿美元增长至2024年的1100亿美元。2023年，中国用于量子技术的全球公共投资达到153亿美元，位居全球第一；2024年，全球研发投入50强企业中，中国已有5家上榜，逐渐开始打破美国主导的基本格局。

从全球范围内，各种区域性科技联盟正在加速形成：金砖国家、东盟等非西方阵营通过联合研发、标准共建强化自主创新生态，构建了更加公平开放的国际科技治理体系，推动全球科技秩序向多极化发展。

近20年来，金砖国家学者合著发文量持续增长，目前年均突破15000篇，已成为全球科技创新的新兴中坚力量。

与此同时，西方国家内部技术竞争加剧分化，美欧在数字税、半导体出口管制等议题上的政策摩擦削弱协调性，而中国智能科技的快速崛起，给全球智能发展格局带来结构性改变，推动其进一步去西方化、去美国化。

我相信，通过深化协作，中俄有望引领非西方国家在智能科技领域实现自主创新与可持续发展。

崛起中的中国是当前全球去西方化、去美国化、科技多元化的稳定器，是减少对西方产业技术和科技平台依赖的旗手。

中国通过推动自主创新和建设开放包容的技术生态体系，正引领全球科技格局向更加公平、多极化方向发展。

中国制造2025在多个领域显著减少对外依赖，通过技术输出和区域合作推动全球科技多极化，中国空间站（天宫）、量子计算机（祖冲之系列）、深海能源平台（深海一号）等，是全球去西方化的领先者。

具体来看，中国在轨道交通、电力设备、农业设备等领域实现了较强的自主性，充分减少进口和出口依赖，具备技术领导力；

在海洋工程设备、信息技术、数控机床、新能源汽车方面具有一定的全球竞争力；

而在新材料和生物医药等部分领域，虽然仍有一定的外资和进口依赖性，但仍具有一定的技术创新潜力。

中国庞大的工程师群体和创新生态成为去西方化的核心动力，中国拥有近2000万工程师，有效发明专利数量突破400万。

2024年，中国培养工程师（STEM）毕业生数量约470万，位居全球第一；华为、大疆等企业通过自主创新抵御制裁，并在5G、AI等领域引领全球标准，在去西方化科技发展上的突破，为俄罗斯提供了宝贵经验和可借鉴的路径。

对非西方国家而言，中国是能完全替代西方国家的新发展伙伴，中国市场规模对俄罗斯资源、能源和技术出口具备重要的地缘政治价值和战略意义，中俄高技术合作可以拉动俄罗斯制造业转型。

中俄可以成为全球治理的共鸣者，共同反对单边主义，推动公平、包容、普惠的发展秩序，联合反制科技霸权与经济制裁。

面对西方主导的技术垄断与制度壁垒，中俄两国作为新兴大国，正面临前所未有的共同挑战与合作机遇。

2022年至2024年，主要国家对俄制裁与限制措施累计高达15628项，美国高达3500项，倒逼俄罗斯提升产业自主性、独立性和可控性。俄罗斯在半导体、软件开发和数字基础设施等领域加快国产替代进程，设立多个工业能力中心和系统性软件开发中心，推动关键软件和工业解决方案的本土化。

在全球科技格局重塑的关键时期，中俄携手，将为构建更加多极、公正的技术秩序注入强劲动力。

在理论基础层面，中国在数字化转型和智能科技应用方面持续突破，俄罗斯在基础科学与关键算法领域拥有深厚积淀，双方在科技结构上的高度互补。

在产业协同层面，中俄双方在智能制造、AI算法、机器人、芯片设计等领域均在起步阶段，都有战略追赶的空间。

从市场转化层面，中国具有应用转化与市场优势，数据规模、工程能力、产业链完整度全球领先，快速产品化能力突出，包括芯片设计、智能制造、AI平台等；中国用户多、市场大、应用场景广，而俄罗斯自然资源丰富、技术积淀深厚。

两国优势互补，为联合攻关“卡脖子”技术、打造自主可控的科技体系提供了坚实基础。通过深化产业协作与技术对接，中俄有望在智能科技领域构建面向未来的战略创新共同体。

面对技术霸权和外部封锁的现实压力，中俄科技合作不仅是战略选择，更需注重落地与实效。在这方面，推动合作机制化、项目化与平台化，切实提升合作的深度与韧性，变得越来越重要。

为此，我有以下几点建议：

一是中俄可牵头构建“发展中国家科技产业联盟”。

中俄两国应在AI芯片、操作系统、无人机、新能源等领域构建联合研发与产业合作全球性框架，推动形成以新兴经济体为主导的全球技术治理新秩序，提升发展中国家在前沿科技领域的话语权与自主创新能力。

二是中俄应合作在AI伦理、智能制造等领域联合制定去美国化的技术标准体系，助力构建开放、公正、包容的全球科技规范秩序，增强全球南方国家在关键技术领域的制度性影响力与战略自主权。

当前全球标准体系主要由EN（欧洲标准）、IEC（国际电工委员会）、ISO（国际标准化组织）、ITU（国际电信联盟）等欧美国家主导，中俄应积极构建以新兴市场需求为导向的替代性规则体系。通过共建标准研究机构与技术认证平台，提升在人工智能、数字安全、智能制造等前沿领域的话语权与主导力。

三是中俄应建立中俄智能科技联合智库对话平台，推动形成具有全球影响力的非西方科技思想体系。

两国应聚焦AI算法、量子计算、类脑智能等前沿领域，同时，应推动高校、科研机构与企业间的协同创新机制，构建跨国联合实验室和技术转化中心，加快基础研究成果向产业应用的转化。通过定期举行中俄科技高层论坛和青年科技交流活动，夯实合作根基，培育面向未来的战略科技伙伴关系。

四是中俄高校与研究机构应建立理论+实践人才联合培养机制。

中俄应设立科技互访计划，支持俄青年科学家赴华拓展技术市场，支持中国学者赴俄理论深造。同时，在金砖国家、上合组织、“一带一路”、全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议下进一步扩展中俄科技影响力，共同推动构建包容、开放、公正的国际科技合作网络，为“全球南方”国家提供更多技术共享与能力建设的公共产品。中俄还应联合推动区域科技项目落地，打造多边合作试点工程，提升非西方世界在全球科技治理中的制度性力量。

总之，我最后想表达的是，当今中俄两国在应对西方科技遏制和制度性打压方面面临许多共同挑战，客观上形成了科技战略协作的必要性与互补性。

中俄携手，既可以形成覆盖从基础科研到工程转化的完整创新链条，又能共同构建非西方国家主导的技术生态与标准体系。

在这一模式下，中俄合作有助于增强双方在智能科技领域的竞争力，并进一步推动全球科技治理体系向更加公平、开放和多极化迈进。

中国的科技进步对全球不是新霸权，而是新机遇。中国的崛起是普惠式崛起，带来的是中俄共赢的未来。

让我们期待更美好的未来。

谢谢。

China-Russian Cooperation in the AI Era

Wang Wen

Thank you for the invitation to come to such an important forum again to share with you the Sino-Russian cooperation and the future in the context of intelligent technology.

As everyone knows, in the third decade of the 21st century, the world is accelerating into the era of intelligent technology represented by AI, big data, and automation. China's rapid rise and technological breakthroughs are breaking the long-standing monopoly of the West, especially the United States, in the field of high-tech, and opening up a new path to technological independence and sustainable development for the world, especially non-Western countries.

For Russia, China's rise does not bring competitive pressure, but unprecedented development opportunities and new space for Sino-Russian cooperation.

So, the core point I want to talk about today is that the Sino-Russian community of shared destiny is not only a political slogan, but also a path for scientific and technological practice. Supporting China's rise will bring Russia an important guarantee for scientific and technological breakthroughs and national rejuvenation. I would like to call on Russian scholars, governments and enterprises to seize the golden window of Sino-Russian cooperation and jointly shape the future that technology is not controlled by the West.

Please allow me to use 15 minutes to elaborate in depth.

(I)

The development of the global science and technology competition landscape is undergoing a macro-evolution - from Western dominance to a multipolar trend, which is undoubtedly a major historical opportunity facing China and Russia.

In the past decade, the global basic investment in the field of AI alone has increased from US$8 billion in 2014 to US$110 billion in 2024. In 2023, China's global public investment in quantum technology will reach US$15.3 billion, ranking first in the world; in 2024, among the top 50 companies in the world in terms of R&D investment, 5 Chinese companies will be on the list, gradually breaking the basic pattern dominated by the United States.

Globally, various regional science and technology alliances are accelerating their formation: non-Western camps such as BRICS countries and ASEAN have strengthened their independent innovation ecology through joint R&D and standard co-construction, built a more fair and open international science and technology governance system, and promoted the development of the global science and technology order towards multipolarization.

In the past 20 years, the number of co-authored papers by scholars from BRICS countries has continued to grow, and currently exceeds 15,000 papers per year, becoming an emerging backbone force in global scientific and technological innovation.

At the same time, the technological competition within Western countries has intensified and polarized. The policy frictions between the United States and Europe on issues such as digital taxes and semiconductor export controls have weakened coordination. The rapid rise of China's intelligent technology has brought structural changes to the global intelligent development pattern, promoting its further de-Westernization and de-Americanization.

I believe that through deepening cooperation, China and Russia are expected to lead non-Western countries to achieve independent innovation and sustainable development in the field of intelligent technology.

(II)

The rising China is the stabilizer of the current global de-Westernization, de-Americanization, and technological diversification, and is the standard-bearer for reducing dependence on Western industrial technology and technology platforms.

By promoting independent innovation and building an open and inclusive technological ecosystem, China is leading the global technological landscape towards a more equitable and multipolar direction.

Made in China 2025 has significantly reduced external dependence in many fields, and promoted global technological multipolarization through technology exports and regional cooperation. China's space station (Tiangong), quantum computer (Zu Chongzhi series), deep-sea energy platform (Deep Sea One), etc., are global leaders in de-Westernization.

Specifically, China has achieved strong autonomy in rail transit, power equipment, agricultural equipment and other fields, fully reduced import and export dependence, and possessed technological leadership;

It has certain global competitiveness in marine engineering equipment, information technology, CNC machine tools, and new energy vehicles;

In some fields such as new materials and biomedicine, although there is still a certain degree of foreign investment and import dependence, it still has certain technological innovation potential.

China's huge group of engineers and innovation ecology have become the core driving force of de-Westernization. China has nearly 20 million engineers and the number of valid invention patents has exceeded 4 million.

In 2024, the number of engineers (STEM) graduates trained in China will be about 4.7 million, ranking first in the world; Huawei, DJI and other companies have resisted sanctions through independent innovation, and have led global standards in 5G, AI and other fields. The breakthroughs in the development of de-Westernized science and technology have provided Russia with valuable experience and reference paths.

For non-Western countries, China is a new development partner that can completely replace Western countries. The scale of the Chinese market has important geopolitical value and strategic significance for Russia's resource, energy and technology exports. Sino-Russian high-tech cooperation can drive the transformation of Russia's manufacturing industry.

China and Russia can become resonators in global governance, jointly oppose unilateralism, promote a fair, inclusive and inclusive development order, and jointly counter technological hegemony and economic sanctions.

(III)

Faced with Western-dominated technological monopolies and institutional barriers, China and Russia, as emerging powers, are facing unprecedented common challenges and opportunities for cooperation.

From 2022 to 2024, the total number of sanctions and restrictions imposed on Russia by major countries reached 15,628, and the United States reached 3,500, forcing Russia to enhance its industrial autonomy, independence and controllability. Russia has accelerated the process of domestic substitution in the fields of semiconductors, software development and digital infrastructure, established multiple industrial capability centers and systematic software development centers, and promoted the localization of key software and industrial solutions.

At a critical time when the global technological landscape is being reshaped, China and Russia will work together to inject strong impetus into building a more multipolar and fair technological order.

At the theoretical foundation level, China has continued to make breakthroughs in digital transformation and intelligent technology applications, and Russia has a deep accumulation in basic science and key algorithms. The two sides are highly complementary in terms of technological structure.

At the level of industrial collaboration, China and Russia are both in the initial stage in the fields of intelligent manufacturing, AI algorithms, robots, chip design, etc., and both have room for strategic catch-up.

From the perspective of market transformation, China has application transformation and market advantages, and its data scale, engineering capabilities, and industrial chain integrity are leading the world, and its rapid productization capabilities are outstanding, including chip design, intelligent manufacturing, AI platforms, etc.; China has many users, a large market, and a wide range of application scenarios, while Russia is rich in natural resources and has a deep accumulation of technology.

The complementary advantages of the two countries provide a solid foundation for jointly tackling "stuck neck" technologies and building an independent and controllable scientific and technological system. By deepening industrial collaboration and technological docking, China and Russia are expected to build a strategic innovation community for the future in the field of intelligent technology.

(IV)

Faced with the realistic pressure of technological hegemony and external blockade, China-Russia scientific and technological cooperation is not only a strategic choice, but also needs to focus on implementation and effectiveness. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly important to promote the mechanism, project and platformization of cooperation, and effectively enhance the depth and resilience of cooperation.

To this end, I have the following suggestions:

First, China and Russia can take the lead in building a "Science and Technology Industry Alliance of Developing Countries".

China and Russia should build a global framework for joint R&D and industrial cooperation in the fields of AI chips, operating systems, drones, new energy, etc., promote the formation of a new global technology governance order dominated by emerging economies, and enhance the voice and independent innovation capabilities of developing countries in cutting-edge science and technology.

Second, China and Russia should cooperate to jointly formulate a de-Americanized technical standard system in the fields of AI ethics and intelligent manufacturing, help build an open, fair and inclusive global science and technology normative order, and enhance the institutional influence and strategic autonomy of the global South countries in the field of key technologies.

The current global standard system is mainly dominated by European and American countries such as EN (European Standards), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), and ITU (International Telecommunication Union). China and Russia should actively build an alternative rule system guided by the needs of emerging markets. By jointly building standard research institutions and technical certification platforms, we can enhance our voice and dominance in cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, digital security, and intelligent manufacturing.

Third, China and Russia should establish a China-Russia joint think tank dialogue platform for intelligent technology to promote the formation of a non-Western science and technology thought system with global influence.

The two countries should focus on cutting-edge fields such as AI algorithms, quantum computing, and brain-like intelligence. At the same time, they should promote collaborative innovation mechanisms between universities, research institutions, and enterprises, build transnational joint laboratories and technology transformation centers, and accelerate the transformation of basic research results into industrial applications. By regularly holding China-Russia high-level science and technology forums and youth science and technology exchange activities, we can consolidate the foundation of cooperation and cultivate a strategic science and technology partnership for the future.

Fourth, Chinese and Russian universities and research institutions should establish a joint training mechanism for theoretical + practical talents.

China and Russia should establish a science and technology exchange program to support young Russian scientists to go to China to expand the technology market and support Chinese scholars to go to Russia for theoretical studies. At the same time, under the BRICS, SCO, "Belt and Road", and Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, we should further expand the influence of China and Russia in science and technology, jointly promote the construction of an inclusive, open, and fair international science and technology cooperation network, and provide more public products for technology sharing and capacity building for the "global South" countries. China and Russia should also jointly promote the implementation of regional science and technology projects, create multilateral cooperation pilot projects, and enhance the institutional power of the non-Western world in global science and technology governance.

In short, what I want to express in the end is that China and Russia today face many common challenges in dealing with Western technological containment and institutional suppression, which objectively forms the necessity and complementarity of strategic cooperation in science and technology.

China and Russia can work together to form a complete innovation chain covering from basic scientific research to engineering transformation, and jointly build a technology ecosystem and standard system dominated by non-Western countries.

Under this model, China-Russia cooperation will help enhance the competitiveness of both sides in the field of intelligent technology, and further move the global science and technology governance system towards a more fair, open and multipolar world.

China's scientific and technological progress is not a new hegemony for the world, but a new opportunity. China's rise is an inclusive rise, which brings a win-win future for China and Russia.

Let us look forward to a better future.

Thank you.

“一带一路”11国智库学者来访人大重阳

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