CNN－下一任罗马教皇如何产生?

What's up, sunshine?

大家好　

I'm Coy Wire here with your 10 Minutes of News for Wednesday, April 23rd.

我是科伊·怀尔，将为大家带来4月23日周三的新闻十分钟。

Listen up for the vocab word one of you submitted for today's #YourWordWednesday.

竖起耳朵仔细听，其中有一个你们为#周三词汇日提交的单词。

It helped us write today's show.

它帮助我们完成了今天的节目。

Let's cook.

那我们现在开始。

We begin today with more news out of Italy,

今天，我们首先来着重关注意大利，

where the Vatican is still in a period of mourning, but also planning after the death of Pope Francis on Monday.

梵蒂冈虽然仍在哀悼期中，但周一教皇方济各逝世后，后续计划也开始了。

As preparations for his funeral this Saturday are underway, Vatican officials are also beginning the fascinating and historical process of picking a new leader of the Catholic Church.

随着周六葬礼准备工作的进行，梵蒂冈官员也开始启动重大历史性程序：选举新的天主教会领导人。

The Vatican is now in what is called the Papal Interregnum, the period between the death of one pope and the election of the next.

现在梵蒂冈处于所谓的教宗空缺期，即前任教皇去世到新任教皇当选之间的一段时间。

Cardinals, which are senior officials within the church, most of whom were appointed by Pope Francis, will now decide when they can begin electing a new pope.

枢机主教们，是教会内的高级官员，他们大多数由教皇方济各任命，现在他们将决定何时开始选举新教皇。

This process is known as the conclave.

这个过程被称为“秘密会议”。

Our Vatican correspondent, Christopher Lamb, takes us through every ceremonious step of electing a new pope.

驻梵蒂冈记者克里斯托弗·兰姆，将带我们了解新教皇选举的具体正式步骤。

When it comes to choosing a new pope, the process is a mix of ancient tradition, religious ritual, and politics.

在选择新教皇方面，该程序融合了古老传统、宗教仪式和政治因素。

Only a small select group has a say in the decision, with votes taking place behind closed doors in the Sistine Chapel.

只有少数特定人群有权参与选举，选举投票在西斯廷教堂内封闭进行。

Let's take a look at how it works.

来看看它是如何进行的。

Technically, any Roman Catholic male can be elected the leader of millions of Catholics around the world.

理论上来说，任何男性罗马天主教徒都可以成为全球数百万天主教徒的领袖。

But the next pope will come from among the cardinals.

但下一任教皇只会从枢机主教中产生。

Since the 14th century, every pope has previously been a cardinal.

自14世纪以来，每一位教皇都曾是枢机主教。

The task of electing a Pope falls to the College of Cardinals.

选举教皇的任务由枢机主教团负责。

They are chosen by the Popes and wear distinctive red robes meant to symbolise a willingness to shed their blood for the Christian faith.

他们由教皇选定，身穿独特的红色长袍，这象征其愿意为基督教信仰流血牺牲。

They must be younger than 80 years old to participate in the vote.

只有不满80岁的枢机主教才能参与投票。

The election, known as a conclave, usually happens 15 to 20 days after the papal office becomes vacant, and all eligible candidates must vote in person.

称为“秘密会议”的选举，通常在教皇职位空缺后的15到20天内举行，所有符合条件的候选人都须亲自投票。

Before they start voting, all the cardinals, including those over 80, gather for crucial meetings in Rome.

在投票开始之前，所有枢机主教，包括年过80的枢机主教，聚集在罗马举行重要会议。

It is here that the big questions facing the church are discussed, and potential candidates start to emerge.

他们于此探讨教会面临的重大问题，并且浮现潜在候选人。

The conclave begins with a special morning mass in St. Peter's Basilica.

“秘密会议”从圣彼得大教堂的特别晨祷弥撒开始。

After this, the strictly guarded vote takes place in the Sistine Chapel.

之后，在严密看守的西斯廷教堂进行投票。

Once the conclave starts, cardinals aren't allowed to speak to anyone outside of the process, read media reports, receive messages, or discuss the details of the elections afterwards.

“秘密会议”一旦开始，枢机主教们不允许与外界交流、阅读媒体报道、接收信息，或在选举结束后讨论其中细节。

If they break the conclave secrecy rules, they risk excommunication.

若他们违反“秘密会议”的保密规则，可能会被开除教籍。

Once the voting starts, they write a candidate's name on a ballot, and in order of seniority, they drop them into a chalice.

投票开始后，他们在选票上写下候选人的名字，然后按照资历顺序，将选票投入圣杯中。

Cardinals aren't allowed to vote for themselves.

枢机主教不可投给自己。

The results are recorded by three designated cardinals.

结果由三名指定的枢机主教记录。

To be elected Pope, a candidate needs to gain two-thirds of the vote.

候选人需要获得三分之二的选票才能当选教皇。

If that doesn't happen, they vote again and again.

如果达不到这一比例，枢机主教们会继续重复该流程。

In total, four rounds of voting can be held a day until they reach that threshold.

每天最多举行四轮投票，直到达到三分之二多数为止。

If no man is elected after four days, the conclave breaks for prayer and discussion before trying again.

如果四天后仍无人当选，秘密会议将暂停一天，以便祈祷和讨论，然后再重新开始投票。

The voting process takes place behind the scenes.

投票过程完全封闭。

So how does the public find out when a new pope has been chosen?

那么公众如何知道新教皇是否选出了呢？

The ballots are burned once in the morning and once in the evening.

选票早晚各焚烧一次。

If there's no winner, a chemical is added to turn the smoke black, so the people waiting in St. Peter's Square know that a new pope has not yet been chosen.

如果目前新教皇未选出，他们会添加一种化学物质使烟雾变黑，这样圣彼得广场上等待的人们就知道新教皇尚未选出。

But when a pope has been elected, a different chemical is added to ensure smoke comes out white, signalling a new pontiff.

而一旦新教皇选出，他们就会添加另一种化学物质以确保冒出的烟是白的，这表示新教皇已选出。

And finally, the man chosen must accept the decision of the cardinals.

最后，中选者必须接受枢机主教们的决定。

A senior cardinal tells the world, we have a pope.

一位资深红衣主教会向世界宣告：“我们有了新教皇。”

And introduces the new pontiff to the crowd gathered in St. Peter's Square.

并向圣彼得广场上的人群介绍新教皇。

The new pope goes out into the balcony to make his first remarks and give his blessing.

新教皇来到阳台发表首次讲话并给予祝福。

Pop quiz, hot shot.

突击问答。

Which of the seven species of sea turtle is not considered threatened or endangered?

世界上现存七种海龟中，下列哪一选项不是受威胁或濒危物种？

Hawksbill, loggerhead, leatherback, or flatback?

玳瑁、赤蠵龟、棱皮龟还是平背龟？

If you said flatback, ding ding, you're correct.

如果你的答案是平背龟，那么你答对了。

The sea turtle endemic to the Australian continental shelf.

这是澳大利亚大陆架特有的海龟。

Six out of the seven turtle species are considered threatened with extinction, and there isn't enough data available on the flatback to know whether they too are at risk.

七种海龟中有六种有着面临灭绝威胁，而因关于平背龟的数据不足，无法确定它们是否也面临灭绝风险。

I'm going to anthropomorphize a sea turtle right now.

我现在把一只海龟当成一个人。

Those poor things must feel so hurt emotionally and physically because did you know that most of the threats they face come from careless fishermen?

这些可怜的生物身心都受到了极大的伤害，因为你知道吗，它们最大的威胁来自渔民的疏忽。

The sea turtles get caught in their gear.

海龟常被渔具缠住。

The Maui Ocean Center Marine Institute, a non-profit organization dedicated to conservation efforts in Hawaii, has rescued more than 1,400 sea turtles.

毛伊岛中心海洋研究所是一个致力于夏威夷保护工作的非营利组织，已拯救了1400多只海龟。

85% of those turtles' injuries came from discarded fisherman's supplies.

其中85%海龟中受的伤由渔民的废弃渔具造成。

On this Call to Earth, we get a look at how the Rescue and Rehabilitation team takes injured sea turtles from treatment to rehabilitation and release.

本期《地球呼唤》中，我们将了解救援和康复团队如何治疗、康复并放归受伤海龟。

It's mid-morning in Maui, Hawaii, and a small team from the Maui Ocean Center Marine Institute, MOCMI, is responding to a hotline call.

夏威夷毛伊岛的一个上午，毛伊岛中心海洋研究所（MOCMI）的一个小队正响应着一通热线电话。

We got a call this morning around 9.30 about a turtle with some fishing line wrapped around the neck.

今天上午9:30左右，我们接到一个电话，说有一只海龟的颈部缠上了钓鱼线。

Let's get the line out.

我们前去取出钓鱼线。

We removed the fishing line and found that there was no broken skin or anything like that, so the turtle was clear to be released.

我们取出了钓鱼线，没有发现破损的皮肤或其他问题，所以这只海龟可以放生了。

Nothing in there.

那里面没有东西。

OK, you're good, buddy.

好的，伙计，你没事了。

After taking some measurements... 49.7, and placing tags, this green sea turtle is ready to go.

我们在测量了一些数据后……49.7，放置了标签，然后这只绿海龟就可以离开了。

Fortunately, its injury could be treated on site,

幸运的是，它的伤势可以现场处理，

but not all of their patients are so lucky.

但并非所有海龟都如此幸运。

Dustin Paradis is the Executive Director at MOCMI, overseeing the rescue and rehab of sea turtles in critical condition.

达斯汀·帕拉迪斯是MOCMI的执行主任，负责处于危重海龟的救援和康复工作。

The majority of the cases that we see are due to fishing line entanglement.

我们遇见的病例大多数都是因钓鱼线缠绕造成的。

The flipper is severely compromised, so we use a multimodal approach to try to preserve that flipper.

鳍状肢受损严重时，我们会采用多模式方法来尝试保留那只鳍状肢。

So we will amputate flippers in a worst-case scenario.

而在最坏的情况下，我们会选择截肢。

So this turtle had entanglement on both front flippers around the neck as well.

这只海龟的两只前鳍状肢和颈部都有缠绕物。

And then the hind flippers were entangled.

后鳍状肢也有缠绕物。

So this turtle was a mess when we got it.

我们遇到这只海龟时，它被鱼线缠绕得乱七八糟。

So we treat these turtles every 72 hours when they first come in.

这些海龟刚送来时，我们每72小时诊治一次。

So they're on antibiotics.

它们服用抗生素。

So we draw blood weekly to monitor the healing process.

我们每周抽血以监测愈合过程。

So we have another green sea turtle patient here.

我们这还有另一只绿海龟患者。

It was found on the beach with a broken humerus bone.

它被发现于海滩上时肱骨骨折。

Kirby was flown in from Hawaii Island two weeks ago and required an amputation due to the severity of his condition.

两周前柯比从夏威夷岛空运过来，因其伤势严重，需要截肢。

So there's no bone remaining in here in this flipper area.

所以这只鳍状肢里已经没有骨头了。

It's just soft tissue.

只剩下了软组织。

And these patients heal up very quickly.

这些患者愈合得非常快。

So they take about two weeks after surgery.

术后大约两周时间它们就能愈合了。

So we're just going to do some quick laser therapy, topical therapy, and do a blood draw.

我们只要做一些快速的激光治疗、局部治疗，和抽血检测。

And we'll be on our way with this patient.

然后我们就可以继续处理下一个患者了。

Our average stay for our rehab patients is about 45 days, which is a pretty quick turnaround.

我们康复患者的平均住院时间约为45天，这是一个相当快的周期。

Since 2020, Dustin says they've rescued over 1,400 turtles.

达斯汀说，自2020年以来，他们已经拯救了1400多只海龟。

And more than 85% of the injuries documented were caused by fishing gear.

记录在案的伤情中，超过85%是由渔具所致。

Green sea turtles are considered a keystone species, critical in maintaining a healthy balance in marine ecosystems.

绿海龟是一种关键物种，在维持海洋生态系统的健康平衡中至关重要。

Listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1978, they are showing signs of recovery in Hawaii.

1978年，它们被《濒危物种法》列为受威胁物种后，夏威夷种群已显现恢复迹象。

But they are still at risk.

然而它们仍然身处灭绝风险。

What I really enjoy is getting the community involved, because it amplifies our effect and it also gives the community a little bit more ownership to take a hands-on approach and empower them to make a change.

我最欣慰的是让社区参与进来，这扩大了我们的影响力，也让社区更多人以主人翁意识，亲力亲为，做出了改变。

A few weeks on and Kirby is ready to return home.

几周后，柯比准备回家了。

We're going to take a little bit of our last minute data, and then we're also going to take it down to the beach and set it in the water and set it free.

我们还需做一点最后的数据收集，然后我们会把它带到海滩，放入水中，让它重获自由。

Before we get him back out in the wild, we want to make sure they're going to be comfortable and that they'll be able to forage and get back to normal activities.

在把它重新放归野外之前，我们要确保它们能适应环境，自主觅食，并恢复正常活动。

Everything looked great.

目前一切都好。

The remaining three limbs look very healthy.

剩下的三条鳍状肢看起来非常健康。

Path to swim test, he looks great.

游泳测试表现不错，它看起来很健康。

The best part of this entire rehabilitation process is being able to see the turtle go back into the water.

整个康复过程中最棒的就是能看到海龟重回水中。

All right, you guys ready?

你们准备好了吗？

They're going to get about just a comfortable depth, knee deep, and then they'll deposit the turtle in and let it swim free.

工作人员会找到一个齐膝深的舒适深度，然后把海龟放进去，让它自由游动。

It's even better when you see them out there months, years after we've actually rehabilitated them, to know that they're out there, to know that we made a difference for that turtle and it's out there surviving.

更令人欣慰的是，数月甚至数年后，当你在野外看见它们自由活动，我们知道它们就在那里，知道我们为那只海龟带来了改变，知道它在外面生存得很好。

Today, Strawberry getting a 10 out of 10, a glorious glow up for a berry big landmark.

今天，爱荷华州“草莓地标”当选满分故事，这是一个大型草莓地标的辉煌焕新。

Folks in Strawberry Point, Iowa faced a jarring situation.

爱荷华州草莓角镇的居民曾面临一个尴尬局面。

Their iconic 15 foot tall strawberry landmark of more than 60 years was looking a little ripe for the picking, so they decided to preserve it.

他们那座有60多年历史、高达15英尺的地标性草莓雕像看起来有点坏了、于是他们决定对其进行修复。

They got themselves out of the jam with some TLC and a lot of paint.

他们用一些精心呵护加大量油漆解决了这个问题。

And after about a month long glam sesh, their beloved berry is back in its patch in the heart of downtown, just in the time for summer.

约莫一个月的翻新后，他们心爱的草莓雕像重回了市中心的原位置，正好赶上夏天。

Berry nice.

非常“莓”好。

All right, superstars, did you spot your vocab word in the show?

好了，超级明星们，你们在节目中发现#周三词汇日的单词了吗？

Today's YourWordWednesday winner is Mrs. Stockman and all our friends at Endeavor in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, for submitting anthropomorphize, a verb meaning to attribute human form or personality to things not human.

今天#周三词汇日的获奖者是南达科他州苏必利尔市恩德沃尔学校的斯托克曼老师以及我们所有的朋友，他们提交了“anthropomorphize”（拟人化）这个动词，意为将人的形态或性格赋予非人类的事物。

You all keep the formidable words coming each week, and we love you for it.

你们每周都持续提交着这些精彩的单词，爱你们。

Thanks to everyone who submitted laudable words for Your Word Wednesday.

感谢你们所有人，你们为#周三词汇日这一栏目提交了值得称赞的单词。

Today's shout out is going to Morristown, New Jersey, for a special double feature to shout out the Falcons at Frelinghuysen Middle School and the pride of the Peck School rise up.

今天的大声致意送给新泽西州莫里斯敦市，双倍大声致意送给弗林赫森中学的猎鹰队和佩克学校的骄傲队。

Thanks to all of you for watching, commenting, and subscribing, making us part of your day.

感谢你们所有人的收看、评论和订阅，让我们荣幸参与你们的生活。

Let's do it again tomorrow, shall we?

明天CNN再见，好吗？

I'm Coy Wire and we are CNN 10.

我是科伊·怀尔，这里是CNN 10。