专家：“斩杀线”削弱的是美制度优势叙事

最近，“斩杀线”（kill line）一词在中文社交平台引发热议。它原本是个游戏术语，指游戏里某个角色的生命值低于某个临界点，很容易被对手“一击毙命”的“生死界限”。

如今，“斩杀线”被用来形容美国家庭经济的极端脆弱性：一次意外开支就足以让中产阶层陷入财务绝境。

The term "kill line", borrowed from gaming culture to describe a critically low health point, is trending on Chinese social media platforms as a metaphor for the precarious finances of many US households, where a single crisis can push families into ruin.

2025年12月8日，在加利福尼亚州旧金山，一名无家可归者和他的狗一起睡在人行道上。Tayfun Coskun / Anadolu via Getty Images

美国近期调查显示， 59% 的民众无法负担 1000 美元的意外开支，约 67% 的工薪族过着 “ 月光 ” 的生活。

A study by Bankrate, a US consumer financial services company, found that 59 percent of people surveyed could not cover an unexpected $1,000 expense, while PNC Bank's 2025 report noted about 67 percent of US workers live paycheck to paycheck.

2025年11月15日，在马萨诸塞州切尔西的La Colaborativa食物储藏室，工人和志愿者向人们分发食物。该储藏室每周为该地区数千有需要的人提供帮助。JOSEPH PREZIOSO / AFP

一篇关于硅谷程序员失业半年沦落街头的热帖，更揭开无数美国家庭“一根稻草压垮骆驼”的残酷现实。

The discussion gained momentum in recent weeks after a viral post detailed the story of a former JavaScript engineer in the US who, despite earning a six-figure salary, became homeless within six months of losing his job.

专家指出，美国将医疗、住房等基本需求高度市场化，把风险转移给个人，导致社会系统“容错率极低”。

Experts said the "kill line" metaphor reveals a "low fault tolerance" in a US system where essentials like healthcare and housing are for-profit and highly focused on financial outcomes, moving risk to the individual.

2025年3月，在科罗拉多州丹佛的Every Child Pediatrics，一名医生正在为一位女孩进行检查。一项研究发现，美国是世界上养育孩子最昂贵的国家，父母平均从孩子出生到18岁花费近60万美元。Hyoung Chang / The Denver Post

与之形成鲜明对比的，是中国日益完善的社会保障体系，正为14亿人民筑牢抵御风险的“保护伞”。

This stands in stark contrast to China's expanding social security system, which experts say acts as a "high-resilience floor" for its 1.4 billion population.

中国已建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系。基本养老保险覆盖10.72亿人，医疗保险覆盖率超95%，失业、工伤保险参保人数五年间分别增长数千万。这张以“五险一金”为基石、社会救助为补充的安全网，不仅托住民生底线，更通过“发展型保障”赋能个人。

China's safety net is based on the "five insurances" — pension, healthcare, unemployment, work injury, and maternity coverage — alongside the housing provident fund and further bolstered by social assistance schemes such as dibao(the minimum living allowance).

西南交通大学社会保障专家杨一帆指出，美国模式会将市场竞争中的成败主要归因于个人特质，并将社会福利视为一种可能扭曲市场激励的“成本”；而中国坚持以人民为中心，通过集体行动分散风险。

Yang Yifan, a social security expert at Southwest Jiaotong University in Chengdu, Sichuan province, said that while Chinese policies seek to defuse risks facing individuals through institutional efforts, the US system often frames success or failure as matters of personal effort or talent, treating social welfare as a potential burden on market efficiency.

今年是中国宣布全面打赢脱贫攻坚战五周年。中南财经政法大学减贫专家吴海涛强调，中国更注重“造血式”帮扶，通过教育、医疗、就业的系统性投资，推动社会整体向上。

Wu Haitao, a poverty reduction scholar, said that China focuses on "empowerment" through systemic investments in education, health, and employment — building resilience from the ground up.

截至2020年，中国提前10年完成联合国2030年减贫目标，让超过8亿人摆脱极端贫困。

China's poverty alleviation efforts have lifted over 800 million people out of extreme poverty since the early 1980s, and meet the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goal on poverty reduction a decade ahead of schedule.

脱贫后“五年过渡期”政策、对易返贫人口的动态监测、义务教育零辍学、医保覆盖率稳居99%以上……这些扎实的举措，将贫困人口“扶上马送一程”，构成了中国远离“斩杀线”的制度底气。

The commitment to durability of the poverty relief is reflected in policy: even after households officially exited poverty by 2021, support was maintained for another five years to prevent sliding back into poverty — a practice officials describe as "helping them onto the horse and accompanying them for part of the journey".

2025年11月27日，在临县湫水柏林苑易地扶贫搬迁安置点的柏林苑幼儿园，孩子们在户外玩耍。新华社记者詹彦 摄

中国社会科学院美国研究所助理研究员朱晨歌认为，“斩杀线”正削弱美国制度优越性叙事。只有将发展的成果普惠到全民，让所有人都能在社会中自由、自足地发展，这个国家在社会治理上才称得上成功。无论国际形势多么风高浪急，这样的国家才能岿然不动。

Zhu Chen'ge, an assistant researcher in US diplomacy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said phenomena like the "kill line" are undermining narratives of US institutional superiority and its development model.

"Only when the fruits of development benefit all citizens, allowing everyone to develop freely and independently within society, can a country be considered truly successful in social governance," he said. "A nation built on such inclusive and sustainable foundations will stand firm."

“斩杀线”背后，是发展理念的深刻分野。当世界面对动荡与不确定，中国正用一张牢不可破的安全网，书写“民之所忧，我必念之；民之所盼，我必行之”的生动答卷。

记者：李磊

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