据英国《金融时报》6月23日报道，在美国总统特朗普多次抨击美联储以及地缘政治动荡加剧的背景下，德国与意大利政界人士呼吁将存放在美国的黄金储备运回本国，以保障金融主权与资产安全。
Germany and Italy are facing mounting pressure to repatriate a combined $245 billion worth of gold stored in the Federal Reserve vaults of New York, the Financial Times reported this week.
According to the FT, politicians and taxpayer advocacy groups in Europe have voiced deep concerns over the safety of their gold following verbal attacks by US President Donald Trump on the Federal Reserve. Storing bullion abroad can expose Europe's financial sovereignty to unnecessary risk, they said.
bullion /ˈbʊliən/ 金条
德国、意大利分别是全球第二和第三大黄金储备国 图源：外媒报道截图
报道称，根据世界黄金协会的数据，德国与意大利分别拥有全球第二与第三大黄金储备，分别为3352吨和2452吨。两国目前各自约三分之一的黄金存放在美国，市值约为2450亿美元。
Germany and Italy hold the world's second- and third-largest national gold reserves after the US, with reserves of 3,352 tonnes and 2,452 tonnes, respectively, according to World Gold Council data. Both rely heavily on the New York Federal Reserve in Manhattan as a custodian, each storing more than a third of their bullion in the US. Between them, the gold stored in the US has a market value of more than $245 billion, according to FT calculations.
德国左翼政客、前议员法比奥·德·马西认为，当前局势动荡，将更多黄金运回欧洲或德国有着“充分的理由”。德国保守派政客、前议员彼得·盖韦勒指出，过去十年将黄金存放在海外的安全性“答案已不言自明”，德国央行在保护国家黄金储备方面“绝不能走任何捷径”。
In Germany, the idea of repatriating gold is attracting support from both ends of the political spectrum.
Leading the push is Fabio De Masi, a former member of the European Parliament and now affiliated with Germany's new left-wing populist BSW party. Speaking to FT, De Masi said there are "strong arguments" to bring more of Germany's bullion back home.
Peter Gauweiler, a prominent former conservative MP from Bavaria's Christian Social Union, stressed that the Bundesbank "must not take any shortcuts" when it came to safeguarding the country's gold reserves.
"We need to address the question if storing the gold abroad has become more secure and stable over the past decade or not," Gauweiler told the FT, adding that "the answer to this is self-evident" as geopolitical risk had made the world more insecure.
另外，欧洲纳税人协会已致信德国和意大利财政部和央行，敦促政策制定者重新考虑依赖美联储作为黄金托管机构的做法，表示担忧特朗普“干预美联储的独立性”，建议确保欧洲央行对这些黄金储备“拥有绝对控制权”。
The Taxpayers Association of Europe has sent letters to the finance ministries and central banks of both Germany and Italy, urging policymakers to reconsider their reliance on the Fed as a custodian for their gold.
"We are very concerned about Trump tampering with the Federal Reserve Bank's independence," Michael Jäger, the TAE's president, told the FT.
"Our recommendation is to bring the [German and Italian] gold home to ensure European central banks have unlimited control over it at any given point in time.
报道指出，尽管纽约作为全球黄金交易中心的地位优势仍在，但多项迹象显示欧洲方面的疑虑在增加。《金融时报》一项针对全球70多家央行的调查显示，越来越多国家正在考虑在国内储存黄金，以防止在危机爆发时无法及时调动。
A survey of more than 70 global central banks this week showed more were thinking of storing their gold domestically amid concerns about their ability to access their bullion in the event of a crisis.
The reliance of European central banks on the Fed as a gold custodian has long been a bone of contention. Western European countries accumulated huge gold reserves during the economic boom in the two decades after World War II, when they ran large trade surpluses with the US.
Up to 1971, the dollar was converted into gold by the US central bank under the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. Storing the precious metal across the Atlantic was also seen as a hedge against a potential war with the Soviet Union.
France in the mid-1960s nonetheless moved most of its overseas gold reserves to Paris, after then-President Charles De Gaulle lost faith in the Bretton Woods system.
德国央行曾于2010年启动“黄金回流”计划，将一半储备存放在国内，并在2013年耗资700万欧元将674吨的金条从纽约和巴黎运至法兰克福。截至目前，仍有37%德国储备存放在纽约。
In Germany, a grassroots campaign to "repatriate our gold" from 2010 changed Bundesbank policy. In 2013, Germany's central bank decided to store half of its reserves at home, moving 674 tonnes of bullion from Paris and New York to its Frankfurt headquarters in a high-security operation that cost 7 million euros. Currently, 37 percent of the Bundesbank's gold reserves are stored in New York.
意大利方面，梅洛尼领导的意大利兄弟党曾于在野时期主张将黄金储备迁回国内，梅洛尼本人也在2019年作出相应承诺。然而自2022年担任总理以来，她对此未再公开表态。《金融时报》分析认为，梅洛尼希望在维系与特朗普关系的同时，避免加剧与美方的经济摩擦。
In 2019 in Italy, Meloni's far-right Brothers of Italy party, when still in opposition, lobbied for the repatriation of the country's gold reserves. Meloni vowed to bring Italian gold home if her party came to power.
However, since taking the premiership in late 2022, Meloni has been silent on the subject. She wants to maintain a friendly relationship with Trump while averting the threat of a deepening trade war.
来源：环球时报 金融时报
更新时间：2025-06-30
本站资料均由网友自行发布提供，仅用于学习交流。如有版权问题，请与我联系，QQ：4156828
© CopyRight 2020- All Rights Reserved. Powered By bs178.com 闽ICP备11008920号
闽公网安备35020302034844号
