Chapter2. Penang-grammar

chapter2. penang-grammar
一、章节分析
（一）综述
本章节主要语法---反意疑问句是本章节的一项重要语法项目，此外还设计到so, neither, nor 句型，及副词的位置及顺序。
（二）目标
1．清楚反意疑问句的作用。
2. 知道反意疑问句的构成方式及一般规则。
3．了解so, neither, nor的句型。
4．记住副词的一般排列次序。
（三）教学方法    
归纳法。
（四）重点和难点
反意疑问句的规则

二、教学设计（teaching designs）
教学内容 教学实施建议 教学资源参考
反意疑问句  1．呈现几句反意疑问句，要求学生根据例句讲述反意疑问句的构成方式，及一般规则。

2．通过练习，巩固所学规则。

3．总结易犯的错误。 oxford englsih 课本
so, neither, nor 句型 1．根据课文，总结用法。

2．结合课文练习进行巩固。
 oxford englsih 课本
副词的位置次序 1．根据课文提示，总结一般规律。

2．结合课文练习进行巩固。 oxford englsih 课本以及课后练习
 
[链接1]
说明：
反意疑问句的基本规则：
　　一、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：
　　肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？如：
①you can’t do it, can you?
②they are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
　　二、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如：
　　①he has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用hasn’t he?)
　　②they have known the matter, haven’t they? (不能用don’t they?)
　　三、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：
　　①they will go to town soon, won’t they?(不能用don’t they?或 aren’t they?)
　　②he works very hard, doesn’t he?(不能用didn’t he?或won’t he?)
　　四、 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：
　　①your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)
　　②the man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)
　　③it is impossible to learn english without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)
　　五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：
　　①she never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesn’t she?)
　　②he was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)
　　六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为i am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t i？表示。如：
　　i am a very honest man, aren’t i?
　　七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为i(we) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：
　　①i think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?
　　②we think that english is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?)
　　八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为i(we) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：
　　①i don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do i?)
　　②we don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)
　　九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
　　①they all think that english is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?)
　　②he didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it?)
　　十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
　　①they said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you)
　　②kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用wouldn’t she?)
　　十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如：
　　①something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?②nothing has happened to them, has it?
　　十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：
　　①someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
　　②everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?
　　十三、陈述部分为let me……时，问句部分习惯上用shall i? 或will you?形式。如：
　　let me have a try, shall i?(will you?)
　　十四、陈述部分为let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如：
　　let us stop to rest, will you?
　　十五、陈述部分为let’s……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如：
　　let’s go home together, shall we?
　　十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求，用won’t you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如：
　　①do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? ②you feed the bird today, will you?
　　③please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)
　　十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?形式。如：
　　don’t make any noise, will you?
　　十八、陈述部分为there (here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如：
　　①there are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ②here is a story about mark twain, isn’t here?
　　十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn’t +主语？形式。
　　①you’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?
　　②we had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?
　　二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn’t + 主语？或usedn’t +主语？形式。
　　①he used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?
　　②they used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?
　　二十一、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + v-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。如：
　　①he might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he?
　　(不用mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?)
　　②you must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/haven’t you?)
　　二十二、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + v-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如：
　　①everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they? (不用mustn’t they?)
　　②you must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?)
　　二十三、陈述部分的主语为从句时，问句部分的主语一般用it代替，如：
　　①what he said is true, isn't it? (不用didn’t he?)
　　②where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用won’t we?)
　　二十四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用it代替。如：
　　①to do one good deed is easy for a person, isn’t it?
　　②skating is your favorite sport, isn’t it?

[链接2]
说明：
反意疑问句的更多练习：

1.  you’d rather watch tv this evening, ______?
a. isn’t it   b. hadn’t you   c. wouldn’t you  d. won’t you
2.  i suppose you’re not going today, ______?
a. are you        b. do you        c. don’t you      d. aren’t you
3.  i wish to shake hands with you, ______?
a. shall        b. may i        c. do i         d. will i
4.  something will have to be done about the air pollution, ______?
     a. won’t it      b. will it       c. has it       d. does it
5.  they have to study a lot, ______?
a. don’t they     b. haven’t they      c. did they       d. hadn’t they
6.  when the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______ ?
a. didn’t he     b. did he       c. did it       d. didn’t it
7.  i’m sure dirty, ______?
a. am i       b. isn’t i        c. aren’t i        d. am not i
8.  you seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. i don’t think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, ______ you?
a. do       b. did        c. don’t        d. didn’t
9.  that’s the sort of the book you want, ______?
a. is it       b. isn’t that       c. is that       d. isn’t it
10. all these dictionaries are a great help to you, ______?
a. are they                          b. aren’t they 
c. are all these dictionaries       d. aren’t all these dictionaries
11. the movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, ______?
a. wasn’t it      b. was it       c. didn’t we      d. weren’t we
12. tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now,   ______?
a. hasn’t he     b. has he       c. shouldn’t he      d. didn’t you
13. david told me that you would take a trip to america, ______?
a. would you     b. wouldn’t you      c. did you       d. didn’t you
14. if i knew the answer, i wouldn’t be asking, _______?
a. didn’t i  b. did i    c. would i   d. wouldn’t i
15. you had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, ________?
a. had you  b. hadn’t you   c. did you   d. didn’t you
16. he has his hair cut every month, ______?
a. has he      b. hasn’t he      c. does he       d. doesn’t he
17. she disliked this type of calculator, _________?
a. did she   b. didn’t she   c. does she   d. doesn’t she
18. the little boy dare not go to church, ______?
a. dare he      b. daren’t he      c. does he       d. doesn’t he
19. susan would have worked abroad if she’d had the chance, ______?
a. has she      b. hadn’t she      c. would she      d. wouldn’t she
20. everyone’s having a good time, ______?
a . is he      b. isn’t everyone     c. does he       d. aren’t they
21. any one can join the club, ______?
a. can any one     b. can’t any one      c. can’t they      d. can they
22. tell me how to operate the electronic computer, ______?
a. will you      b. shan’t you      c. do you       d. don’t you
23. margaret scarcely comes to visit you on christmas day, ______?
a. doesn’t she     b. does she       c. do you       d. don’t you
24. let’s listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, ______?
a. do we        b. don’t we        c. shall we       d. shan’t we
25. you think you’re funny, ______?
a. didn’t you     b. are you       c. don’t you      d. do you
26. janet used to take part in labor in that village, ______?
a. used she      b. did she       c. didn’t she      d. should she
27. what beautiful weather, ______?
a. is it       b. isn’t it       c. won’t it       d. doesn’t it
28. he ought to go to kwangchow by plane, ______?
a. should he      b. shouldn’t he      c. would he      d. wouldn’t he
29. we never dared to ask him a question, ______?
a. did we      b. didn’t we      c. dared we      d. daren’t we
30. nobody will believe how difficult his work has been ______?
a. will he      b. won’t nobody      c. will they       d. won’t they
31. you must have made the mistake, ______?
a. mustn’t you     b. haven’t you      c. didn’t you      d. hadn’t you
32. learning how to repair computers takes a long time, ______?
a. isn’t it      b. aren’t they      c. doesn’t it      d. don’t they
33. jack has coffee with breakfast, ______?
a. hasn’t jack     b. hasn’t he      c. doesn’t jack      d. doesn’t he
34. they must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?
a. mustn’t they     b. haven’t they      c. didn’t they      d. hadn’t they
35. there isn’t anything wrong with the radio, ______?
a. is there      b. is it        c. does it       d. does there
36. you must be hungry, ______?
a. must you      b. mustn’t you      c. are you       d. aren’t you
37. let’s do the exercises by ourselves, ______?
a. shall we      b. shan’t we      c. will you       d. will we
38. her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?
a. had she      b. hadn’t she      c. didn’t she      d. didn’t her daughter
39. the teacher had a talk with you, ______?
a. has you      b. hadn’t she      c. did she       d. didn’t she
40. i don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______?
a. do i   b. don’t i    c. will they   d. won’t they

keys:
1. c  2. a  3. b  4. a  5. a  6. a  7. c  8. b  9. d  10. b
11. a 12. a 13. a 14. c 15. d 16. d 17. b 18. b 19. d 20.d 
21. c 22. a 23. b 24. c 25. c 26 c  27. b 28. b 29. a 30. c
31. b 32. c 33. d 34. c 35. a 36. d 37. a 38. c 39. d 40. c