Unit3　Under the sea

unit3　under the sea

1、urge vt.
根据语境猜词义
(1)they urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.
(2)in jolly spirits, they urged the donkeys on.
(3)he urged upon his pupils the importance of hard work.

根据语义找匹配
a. 驱使；迫使　b. 强调　c. 要求；敦促；劝说
(1)c　(2)a　(3)b
urge sth. / sb. on催促某物 / 某人前进
urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sb. into doing sth. 催促某人做某事

urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的；非常重要的
in urgent need of 急需        urgency n. 紧急；迫切
…urge that…极力主张，强调，从句谓语形式为(should) 动词原形
    it is urged that…坚决要求……，从句谓语形式为(should) 动词原形

单项填空
    (　　)(1)the doctor ______ an x­ray test, and then, he could make a conclusion.
a. urged me to have            b. urged me having
c. urged against                  d. urged on me
    (　　)(2)we must urge that representatives ______ from various factories.
a. would be elected                    b. be elected
c. should elect                            d. would elect

2、abandon vt.
根据语境猜词义
(1)the man shamelessly abandoned his wife and child for another woman.
(2)fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned their city.
(3)the game had to be abandoned due to the bad weather.
(4)she abandoned herself to despair.

根据语义找匹配
    a. 离弃；逃离(某地方或交通工具)　b. 抛弃；遗弃(某人)　c. 放弃；中止　d. 沉湎于；放纵；陷入
(1)b　(2)a　 (3)c　(4)d

abandon one‘s post放弃职位abandon the plan放弃计划
abandon a ship弃船           abandon one's wife抛弃妻子
abandon oneself to…纵情；沉溺于……
with abandon放纵地，放任地
abandoned adj. 废弃的；被遗弃的；无约束的；放荡的

abandon / desert / quit / cancel
    abandon与desert都可指抛弃、遗弃某人，但desert常指逃避义务或违背誓约等，有责难之意。
    quit指停止或放弃信仰、行动、工作等，如quit smoking停止吸烟；quit the job辞职。
    cancel指取消原定的计划或安排。

单项填空
    (　　)the plan was ______ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
a. released                                     b. deserted
c. resigned                                     d. abandoned

3、reflect v.
根据语境猜词义
(1)the lake reflected the surrounding mountains.
(2)public anger is reflected in the latest opinion polls.
(3)he reflects for a moment and then begins to speak again.

根据语义找匹配
a. 反映　b. 反射；反照　c. 反思；思考
(1)b　(2)a　 (3)c
reflect sb. / sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人 / 物的影像
reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect on / upon sth. 思考某事
reflection n. 反射，反照，反映；映象； 思考

完成句子
(1)she sat reflecting on (在思考)how much it had changed since he'd bought the farm.
(2)this material absorbs the sound, and doesn't reflect it (不产生回音)．
(3)this incident reflected badly on (对……造成了恶劣影响)everyone involved.

4、become/be aware of
根据语境猜词义
(1)most smokers are perfectly aware_of the dangers of smoking.
(2)he was_aware_of a faint smell of gas.

根据语义找匹配
a．察觉到；注意到　b．意识到；明白；知道
(1)b　(2)a
awareness n. 意识，认识
(1)be aware that­clause知道；体会到……
     make sb. aware that…提醒某人注意……
     make sb. aware of…使某人注意到……
     as far as i'm aware据我所知
(2)develop an awareness of…逐渐懂得……
     lack of awareness缺乏认识

aware / conscious二者都可表示“意识到的”，都可用于be aware / conscious of结构。
    aware指感官上的知觉。
    i'm aware that she is dishonest. 我知道她不诚实。
    i suddenly felt aware of somebody watching me. 我突然觉得有人盯着我看。
    conscious指内心所意识到的感觉。
    he is hurt but still conscious.
    他受了伤，不过神志还清醒。

单项填空
    (　　)(1)also when you write your goals in a particular way you are able to make yourself continuously ______ situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
a. aware of                                  b. worried about
c. familiar with                            d. accustomed to

(　　)(2)the goat seemed to be ______ of the dangers and started to run.
a. aware　                                     b. clumsy
c. fragile　                                     d. shallow

5、help out 帮助某人摆脱困难，困境
根据语境感悟其用法
(1)what evidence was there that he was helping the whalers out?
    有什么证据证明他在帮捕鲸人摆脱困境？
(2)can you help me out with the maths problem?
    你能帮我解出这道数学题吗？

help sb. (to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help (to)do sth. 帮忙做某事
cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
cannot help but do sth. 不能不 / 不得不做某事
help oneself (to sth. )自用；自取所需(食物等)
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
be of great help to sb.对某人有帮助

翻译句子
(1)简帮助他摆脱了经济困难。
    jane helped him out of his financial difficulties.
(2)这一慈善团体的宗旨是帮助人们实行自助。
    this charity aims to help people to help themselves.
(3)我情不自禁地笑起来。
    i can't help laughing.

6、hold up
根据语境猜词义
(1)the pupil held_up his hand to ask the teacher a question.
(2)sorry i am late, but my train was held_up.

根据语义找匹配：a. 举起；抬起　b. 耽搁；延误
(1)a　(2)b
hold on继续；坚持
hold back阻挡；抑制；克制住自己
hold out伸出；维持                     hold on to抓牢；保留
hold a position  / post担任职位 
hold the view持有观点        hold one‘s breath 屏住呼吸
hold one's attention 吸引注意力

用hold的适当短语填空
(1)they managed to hold on until help arrived.
(2)our flight was held up by fog.
(3)we can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.  
(4)she just managed to hold back her anger.

7、as we drew closer, i could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. (p20)
    随着我们的逼近，我能看见一条鲸鱼正在被其他6只虎鲸袭击。

“see a whale being attacked” 看到鲸正在被袭击，句中 “being attacked”作宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行。在中学英语中being done 结构通常用于以下情况：
宾语补足语：
(1)when he came to himself, he found himself being looked after by an old lady.
(2)when i was a child, i used to watch bicycles being repaired.

后置定语：
(1)the question being_discussed now is of great importance to us all.
(2)the tall house being_built over there belongs to my uncle.
主语：
(1)being_exposed_to_too_much_radiation will do great harm to your health.
(2)being_bitten_by_a_dog put him into a hospital.

宾语：
(1)he narrowly missed being_shot.
(2)he insisted on his being_called mr. cliff instead of mr. clive.
注意：“being done”形式作宾语补足语和后置定语时表被动，同时又表进行，然而在作主语和宾语时仅表被动。

单项填空
    (　　)(1)henry can't attend the party ______ at tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party ______ at marie's house tomorrow.
a. held; being held        b. to be held; to be held
c. to be held; held         d. being held; to be held

(　　)(2)— do you know anything about the meeting ______ in italy?
    — yes, and as a matter of fact i attended it.
a. to be held　                                b. held　
c. being held　                               d. to hold

(　　)(3)new ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ______. 
a. being fully accepted           b. fully accepting
c. having fully accepted         d. fully accepted
    (　　)(4)some of the suspects ______ refused to answer and kept their mouths shut.
a. questioning                        b. being questioned
c. questioned                          d. to be questioned

(　　)(5)______ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.
a. mary was chosen               b. mary chosen
c. mary being chosen            d. mary's being chosen

(　　) 1. (XX•湖北)after the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______ for the homeless families.
a. accommodation                           b. occupation
c. equipment                                    d. furniture

on the afternoon i arrived at the station, as i was sorting out my _accommodation,_i heard a loud noise coming from the bay. (p20)
a　本题考查名词意义辨析。accommodation表示“住处”；occupation表示“占用”或者“工作，职业”；furniture表示“家具”；equipment表示“设备，器材”。

(　　) 2. (XX•陕西)i still remember ______ to the famen temple and what i saw there.
a. to take                                        b. to be taken
c. taking                                         d. being taken

d　考查非谓语being done形式。句意为：我仍然记得被带到法门寺参观，记得我所看到的一切。remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”，而remember to do sth. “记得要去做某事(还没做)”；另外，i和take是被动关系，所以用being taken形式。
as we drew closer, i could see a whale being_attacked_by a pack of about six other killers. (p20)

(　　) 3. (XX•湖北)just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house ______ his personality.
a. resembles                                    b. strengthens
c. reflects　                                     d. shapes

c　本题考查动词意义辨析。“就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一个人的住房也是如此。”要选一个表示“反映”的词，就是reflect。resemble look like；strengthen表示“加强，巩固”；shape作动词表示“塑形”。
i'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic！(p24)

(　　) 4. (XX•海南)now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______？
a. taking                                           b. take　
c. taken                                             d. to take

c　考查with 宾语 宾语补足语的用法。take 与the decisions之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词。
there were other creatures that i didn't want to get too close to — an eel with its strong sharp teeth, with_only_its_head_showing from a hole, watching for a tasty fish…(p24)