（精品推荐）2019届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题十 定语从句

（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题十 定语从句
【典例精析】
1.（09天津）a person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
a. who          b. whom            c. whose         d. whoever
【解析】c 考查定语从句的用法。分析先行词和定语从句的关系发现先行词在定语从句中作定语，故选c符合。
2.（09天津）i travel to the binhai new area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown tianjin.
a. as          b. which            c. when          d. though
【解析】a  考查as连接的倒装句式。按照句意此处as有正如，正像的意思，故as符合。
3.（09陕西）gun control is a subject     americans have argued for a long time.
a. of which    b. with which       c. about which    d. into which
【解析】c 考查定语从句，先行词是gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选c。
4.（09四川）she’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
a. that        b. which            c. where          d. when
【解析】d 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。
5.（09浙江）i have reached a point in my life ______ i am supposed to make decisions of my own.
a. which  b. where   c. how    d. why
【解析】b  考查定语从句关系副词的选择。分析句式in my life为插入成分；point为先行词，在定语从句中先行词做地点状语，意思为“我应该做出我自己决定的地方（某一点）”
6.（09北京）—what do you think of teacher ,bob？
—i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.
a. where       b. which            c. when            d. that
【解析】a  考查定语从句用法。分析定语从句主谓宾完整，说明应该填关系副词，先行词为a job，定语从句的意思是在这个工作中……，所以答案用where引导的定语从句。
7.（09福建）it’s helpful to put children in a situation         they can see themselves differently.
a. that        b. when             c. which           d. where
【解析】d 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选d。
8.（09安徽）a good friend of mine from           i was born showed up at my home right before i left for beijing.
a. how         b. whom             c. when             d. which
【解析】c 考查定语从句用法。本题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为“就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”
9.（09安徽）many children，          parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
a. their      b. whose             c. of them           d. with whom
【解析】b  本题考察定语从句的用法,属于较容易题.明显表达为”他们的父母”
10.（09湖南）i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city        name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
a. which      b. of which  c. that  d. whose
【解析】d 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。
11.（09全国2 ）my friend showed me round the town,       was very kind of him.
a. which      b. that              c. where              d. it
【解析】a 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。
12.（09江西）6. the house i grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
a. in it      b. in                c. in that            d. in which
【解析】b 考查定语从句。the house ( which / that i grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。
13.（09海南）7. she brought with her three friends, none of            i had ever met before.
a. them       b. who               c. whom              d. these
【解析】c。 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。
14.（09山东）8. whenever i met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
a. who         b. which           c. when               d. that
【解析】b非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which.
【专题突破】总体做题采用还原法：即把先行词还原到定语从句里边，看一下做什么成分、、指人、物；做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破，具体说：
1. 根据句子结构划出定语从句（划完后必须是两个独立的句子）。
2. 根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。
⑴如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语，则选关系代词。
⑵如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，则用关系副词。
3. 根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。
1．the english play __________ my students acted at the new year’s party was a great success.
a. for which       b. at which        c. in which          d. on which
2． helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, __________, of course, made the others envy him.
a. who          b. that             c. what           d. which
3． if a shop has chairs __________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
a. that           b. which            c. when           d. where
4．women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
a. who ;  不填   b. 不填 ; who   c. who ;  who      d. 不填; 不填
5．the beatles,  ________  many of you are old enough to remember, came from liverpool.
a. what         b. that               c. how             d. as
6. some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.
a. then          b. there              c. while            d. where
7． the book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great charges.
a．when        b．during which       c．since then          d．since when
8. the science museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of london’s tourist attractions.
a. which         b. what               c. that                d. where
9. yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.
a. when         b. where               c. that               d. which
10. by nine o’clock, all the olympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, _______appeared a rare rainbow soon.
a. of which       b. on which            c. from which        d. above which
参考答案和详解：
1.【解析】c根据句子意思需选择介词in，从而构成act in the play。关系代词在此是指english play，指物，因此选择in which。注意：如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词也就是由动词+介词构成的短语，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面。
2.【解析】d这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，且从句中行为动词made是主动语态，因此选择which。
3.【解析】d此题答案是。这里的关系副词指代on chairs，指地点，因此选择where。不要误以为chair在句中是做主语或者宾语，在做此类题时一定要结合定语从句要表达的意思，做到“瞻前顾后”。
4.【解析】c审明句意：每天和多于两杯咖啡的女性比那些没有改习惯的女性得心脏病的可能性要大得多。 在本题中的who都是引导定语从句，指代人，在定语从句中做主语，所以都不能省略。
5.【解析】d本题考查在实际语境中对于非限制性定语从句的应用能力。as引导定语从句，在从句中做remember的宾语，指代的是the beatles“披头士乐队”。what引导名词性从句，在句中做主语宾语或表语，that引导限制性定语从句， how引导名词性从句。
6.【解析】d本题中用where引导定语从句，先行词是a day care center，where在定语从句中做地点状语。注意then和there是副词，不能引导定语从句。while虽然是连词，但是只能用来连接状语从句。
7.【解析】d在本题中用since when引导定语从句。因为句中的谓语has witnessed是现在完成时,所以要用since when。when指代上文中的in 1946,表示“这本书是1946年写的,从那以后,教育体制发生了巨大变化”。
8.【解析】a本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，the science museum 虽然是一个地点名词，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地点状语所以不能用where,尤其注意visit是一个及物动词。
9.【解析】d本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。a项when和 b项where都是关系副词，可以予以排除，c项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选d。
10.【解析】d考查非限制性定语从句的介词 which的用法，原句可还原成…a rare rainbow appeared above …。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向，就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。
【学法导航】根据考纲要求，考生在复习备考时要弄清定语从句的先行词与关系词的关系；关系代词、关系副词的选择和运用；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法以及强调句式和同位语从句和定语从句的区别。把握命题规律，一般定语从句的命题热点内容如下：
1.that与which的选用；that与where/when的选用；
2.“介词+which/whom”结构中介词的选用；
3.“介词+which”与when/where间的区别与联系；
4.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别；
5.“不定代词/数词+of which/whom”与“不定代词/数词+of them” 的选用；
6.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 1定语从句可以说是各地高考必然首先考虑的重要考点，在题目设计的过程中，势必会以“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句为热点，以非限制性定语从句为重点，以关系副词where引导的定语从句为难点。
7．在疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句
8. 通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句
做到了以上几点就能轻松拿到定语从句的分数。
【专题综合】1．the town  _______  we visited last month is the one  _______  the famous painter was born.
a．where; which    b．which; where       c．which; that      d．where; where
2．we went to mountain tai last weekend, ________, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.
a. that             b. which              c. where           d. when
3.we hope that the measures to control the stock market, ____ are taken by the government, will work.
a. that             b. where              c. which            d. what
4．many factors influence a student in his/her study, ____ i think are out of a teacher’s control.
a. most of them     b. most of which        c. most of what        d. most of that
5．— obama won the election. it’s amazing!
— yes. but the result was within ______ we had expected, ______ brought great joy to many young people and the black.
a. that; which        b. that; that           c. what; what        d. what; which
6．he’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
a. where           b. which              c. while             d. why
7.it was in the factory  _______  his friend worked  _______  he picked up a lot of experience.
a. where, where     b. that, where           c. that, that            d. where, that
8．today the public is much concerned about the way _______ .
a．nature is being ruined                    b．which nature is ruined
c．on which to ruin nature                   d．of nature to be ruined
9．young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
a. where           b. when               c. that                d. what
10．is it the years  _______  you worked in africa as a doctor  _______  have a great effect on your literary works?
a. that; where       b. that; that             c. when; where          d. when; that 
11. was it in the waiting room ______ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet?
a. /               b. where                c. that                 d. when
12 obama,  _______  life was once hard when he was young, were elected president of american.
a. for whom        b. who                  c. to whom            d. /
13    _______ has been announced, our government will take more measures to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.
a that           b as                     c it                  d what
14. lee yu chun was titled as the top thin beauty in ansia ,  _______ caused a lot of disagreements in the field of entertainment.
a. that            b. which                  c as                   d it
15 there were so many attractions in disney park. after lunch we came to a place, _______ stood a big tower.
a. which           b. that                    c. /                  d. where
16． a political advisor suggested giving out red pockets to the whole nation directly to encourage economics，_____i believe is of great value.
a that             b. /                       c. which              d. why
17 is this the website_______  you want to have ____ into your files to help you learn english?
a. who; to add      b. that; add   c. whom; adding      d. that; added
18．we have heard of many cases _______  some citizens ，especially some famous people， have suffered because personal information had been leaked.
a. why            b. which                    c. as               d. where
19． tony showed me his new cell phone,  _______  was small but it could change colors in different weather.   
a. the screen of whom b. whom the screen of  c. which the screen of d. the screen of which
20．i will never forget the day _______ i came to my university and the day ______  i spent in a new city.
a. when; which     b. which;  when  c. what; that        d. on which; when
参考答案和解析：
1.【解析】b注意在第一个空后面的定语从句里的visit是一个及物动词，所以the town在定语从句里做的是visit的宾语，所以第一个空我们可以用that, which或者省略。第二个空的先行词the one指代的还是the town,但是此时the town在定语从句里做的是地点状语，所以要用where来引导定语从句。
2.【解析】b这里从总的方面来看考查的非限制性定语从句，我们找到定语从句的先行词，根据空格后面的was crowded with visitors我们可以判断这个定语从句的先行词应该是在山上人有很多而不是指时间，所以不能用when。
3.【解析】c本题考查的非限制性定语从句，句子的主干表达的意思是我们希望控制证券市场的措施会生效。那么… are taken by the government就是个定语从句来解释stock market，证券市场在非限制性定语从句中做的是主语，所以不能用where来引导从句。
4.【解析】b这个句子尤其要注意区分a和b选项的不同，只要我们注意了标点符号就知道这并不是个并列句，所以不能选a。因为是逗号，说明后面是个非限制性定语从句，这里考查的是介词 which的用法，原句可还原成…most of the factors …。
5.【解析】d第一个空考查的是what引导的名词性从句在句子里做的是within这个介词的宾语，第二个空是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，这里的which指代的是奥巴马当选总统这件事。
6.【解析】a句意“他使得自己处于非常危险的境况中，（在这个境况中）他可能失去对飞机的控制”，所选择的关联词应该在定语从句中作地点状语，表示in the situation。注意：where这个词不仅仅可以表地点，某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面都可以用where这个关系副词来表达。
7.【解析】d本题是把定语从句放到了强调结构里来考查，第一个空是由where引导的定语从句解释说明the factory，在定语从句里做的是地点状语。第二个空是it was ….that…强调结构。
8.【解析】a这里考查定语从句里的特殊情况就是当先行词是the way的时候，关系代词可以是that, in which或者省略。a选项就是符合第三种情况。
9.【解析】c注意在本句里的situation是先行词，在空格后的定语从句里缺少的是主语，而且指的是物，所以该空我们可以用which或者that，但是不管用什么都不能省略。
10.【解析】d该题既做到了把定语从句放到疑问句中，又做到了把定语从句放到强调结构里进行考查。第一个空是个定语从句，先行词是the year，when在定语从句里是时间状语；第二个空是it is …that…强调结构。
11.【解析】c在考查定语从句的时候利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择比较常见。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。在这个定语从句中的先行词是room, that在定语从句里做主语。
12.【解析】a这是一个非限制性定语从句，还考查到了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据句子意思需选择介词for, 从而构成be hard for obama. for的宾语是指人，这时就只能用whom。
13.【解析】b这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子we shall have our final exams next month，且位于句首，因此选择as。在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但注意as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
14.【解析】b在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which都可以用来指代前面整句所表达的内容。 as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态；如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which做主语，所以正确选项应为b。
15.【解析】d在本句中为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，对于这种情况，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。这里是非限制性定语从句解释前面的the place.
16.【解析】c在考查定语从句时会利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：i think （suppose, expect, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时我们可以先删去插入语或状语，找出句子的主干。在该句中先行词是discovery，which是在引导非限制性定语从句，在句子里做主语。
17.【解析】d非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词会增加考查定语从句的难度。对这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。本句还原后应是：you want to have the website added into your files to help you learn english.先行词是the website, 因为在定语从句里做宾语，所以可以用that, which或者省略，但是第二个空只能用added， 因为还考查到了have something done， 这里是网站被添加到收藏夹。
18.【解析】d定语从句的先行词cases在此意为“实例，情况”，根据从句的意思“在这些例子中（情境中）……”，先行词在从句中应该担当状语成分，表示in many cases，所以用where 来引导表示地点的定语从句。
19.【解析】d从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，可排除a和b。c项中关系代词应放在介词之后，如改为of which the screen或者whose screen也是可以的。
20.【解析】a在本句中两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。