高考英语第一轮单元知识点复习Unit 9-Unit 10

unit 9-unit 10

提纲挈领

单元

考查重点及热点

unit 9

单词

insurance  carpenter  income  hopeless  clinic  allowance  pressure  consult  chemist  fee  nationwide  unfortunate  tailor  incident  significance  bench  sink  jar  lid  devotion

短语

lay off  make matters worse  make ends meet

句型

as引导非限制性定语从句

unit 10

单词

garbage  maid  prince  outcome  penny  grocery  bakery  weep  furnish  shabby  mailbox  bell  rag  rare  garment  worn  carpet  barbershop  haircut  booklet  mutton  stove  baggage  pale  prayer  approve  anyhow  shave  comb  flash  simplify

短语

attend to  take pride in  do up  let down  fix sth. on/upon  at length  search for

句型

“介词+xhich+动词不定式”作定语

unit 9理解：要点诠释

单词1.consult讲： vt.咨询，请教；(与某人)商议，商量；查询，查阅，参看例:if the pain continues,consult your doctor.如果疼痛持续不消退，要请医生看看。have you consulted your lawyer about this?你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？you shouldn’t have done it without consulting me.你不该不和我商量就做了这件事。i need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals.我需要同我的同事商讨这些建议。he consulted the manual.他查阅了使用说明书。链接·提示    表示“查阅”时，相当于refer to；表示“商量”时，相当于discuss或talk about。练:you’d better________ the dictionary for the meaning of the word.a.look up                   b.refer              c.consult                d.check提示:本句表示“查阅词典”。而look up的宾语应该是所要查找的内容，refer后面应该跟to，check的意思为“核对”。答案:c2.destroy讲： vt.摧毁；毁灭；破坏；(因动物有病或不再需要而)杀死；消灭例:the building was completely destroyed by fire.这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。they have destroyed all the evidence.他们销毁了一切证据。heat gradually destroys vitamin c.加热会逐渐破坏维生素c。you have destroyed my hopes of happiness.你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。failure was slowly destroying him(=making him less and less confident and happy).失败渐渐地把他毁了。the badly injured horse had to be destroyed.这匹马受了重伤，只好把它杀死了。链接·提示    destroy一般表示彻底破坏，而damage主要指对局部的破坏，其对象指物较多。动词ruin也可以指彻底破坏，成为废墟。练:a big fire_________ last night and many houses __________in the fire.a.took place;destroyed                           b.happened;destroyedc.was broken out;were destroyed                   d.broke out;were destroyed提示:短语break out为不及物动词，动词destroy为及物动词。答案:d3.devotion讲： n.［u］深爱；挚爱；献身；虔诚结构:devotion to sb./sth.例:the devotion of parents to their children父母对孩子的挚爱the devotion of too much time to sports花太多时间在运动上devotion to duty忠于职守a teacher’s devotion to her task教师全心全意投入其工作链接·提示    devote v. 贡献 devote...to (doing) sth.    devoted adj. 忠实的 be devoted to sb.对某人忠实练:—he failed again.—the ________of too much time to computer games leaves too little time for studying.a.use                  b.cost               c.devotion            d.expense提示:根据句子的意思和名词与后面介词to的搭配，此处应用devotion。答案:c

短语1.lay off讲：该短语为及物动动词短语，表示“让某人停止做某事；别再打扰；(因工作不多而)解雇”。例:lay me off,will you—it’s nothing to do with me.别找我好不好——这事与我无关。i told you to lay off bothering my little brother!我告诉过你别再打扰我弟弟！i think you’d better lay off fatty foods for a while.我认为你最好暂时别吃油腻的食物。the company laid off 200 workers due to the poor economy.因为经济不景气，这个公司解雇了200名工人。链接·提示    (1)lay sth. aside 把……放在一边（或搁置一旁）。he laid aside his book and stood up.他把书放在一边站了起来。doctors have to lay their personal feelings aside.医生不得不把个人感情置之度外。(2)lay sth. down 放下；停止；中断（工作）；辞（职）；放弃 both sides were urged to lay down their arms(=stop fighting).双方都被敦促放下武器。练:_________him! can’t you see he’s badly hurt?a.lay off               b.lay aside             c.lay down             d.lay about提示:本句话的意思为:别碰他！你没看见他伤得很厉害吗？此处用lay off表示“别再打扰；别再做”。答案:a2.make matters worse讲:该短语的意思为“更糟糕的是”，用作谓语，而to make matters worse用作状语。例:her attempts to calm them down only made matters worse.她设法让他们平静下来，不想却适得其反。don’t do that.it will only make matters worse.不要那样做，那只会使情况变得更糟。it got dark,to make matters worse,it began to rain.天黑了，更糟的是，开始下起雨来。链接·提示    (1)make matters worse=what is worse=worse still    (2) go from bad to worse每况愈下    in some countries,economic conditions are going from bad to worse.    在有些国家，经济状况越来越糟。练:（XX湖北八校联考） they lost their way in the forest,and______.which of the following is wrong?a.what made matters worse was that night began to fallb.what was worse,it was getting darkc.to make matters worse that night was fallingd.worse still,night had fallen提示:本题考查句子结构。and连接前后两个并列成分， 而c项为动词不定式。答案:c

句型as引导非限制性定语从句讲:请观察下面教材原句:if low-income families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance,as was the case with wang lin,other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.假如低收入家庭买不起医疗保险，正如王林的情况那样，那么其他脱贫的措施是不能成功的。as在这里是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。关系代词which也有此用法，它们的区别是:(1)which的先行词可以是单个名词，而as的先行词多为整个句子。(2)若主句与从句的内容不一致，或从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，多用which;而as只能用于主句和从句内容一致时。(3)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which不可以。例:the meeting,which was held in the park,was a success.在公园里召开的这次会议很成功。the meeting was a success,as was expected.正如所预期的那样，会议开得很成功。she has married again,as was expected.她又结婚了，这是大家意料之中的事。she has married again,which was unexpected.她又结婚了，真没想到。he came late for class today,which/as is often the case.=as is often the case,he was late for school.和平时一样，他今天上课又迟到了。链接·提示    在选择as还是which时，可以从句子的意思上分析，as表示“正如”。练:(1)these countries will join one another against terrorism,_______was agreed to at the international conference.a.as                    b.who               c.that                d.what提示:本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。首先这里为非限制性定语从句，另外引导词应该表示前面一句话的意思，所以使用as引导定语从句，表示“正如”的意思。答案:a(2)(XX江西南昌调研) the explosion,_______all newspapers showed,claimed more than 100 people.a.which                b.where              c.as                  d.what提示:从句子的意思”正如所有报纸报道的那样”得出答案，as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”。which虽然也能用来引导非限制性定语从句，但它指的是前面一句话的意思，不能表示“正如”。答案:c

辨析1.as a result(of),result from,result inas a result为介词短语，单独使用，作状语，表示“结果”的意思，as a result of后面跟名词，表示“由于……的原因”。he left school as a result of his father’s death.由于父亲去世，他离开了学校。i was late.as a result,i missed my train.我迟到了，结果误了火车。result from为动词短语，表示“因……的结果发生”。the terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.那桩可怕的事故是由于他粗心引起的。result in 为动词短语，表示“结果是……”。the talks resulted in reducing the number of the cars.谈判的结果是减少汽车的数量。即时练习:(1)illness often________ poverty.(2)she won the scholarship________ her hard work.(3)our efforts________ success.答案:(1)results from  (2)as a result of  (3)resulted in2.as well as,not only...but also...as well as连接并列成分，意思是“不但……而且……；既……又……”，和not only...but also...意思相近。但是，as well as强调的是前面部分，而not only...but also...强调的是后面部分。另外，还要注意主谓一致，as well as为插入语，主语为其前面的那个词，而not only...but also...所连接的部分作主语时应根据就近一致的原则。she is kind as well as beautiful.她不仅美丽而且善良。she is not only kind,but also beautiful.她不仅心地善良，长得也很漂亮。即时练习:some people think________ idioms is of great importance.a.not only grammar but also                     b.neither grammar norc.not grammar but                             d.grammar as well as提示:本题考查连词以及主谓一致的用法。从句子的意思分析，四个选项都能正确地表达各自的意思，但a、b、c三项中的并列连词所连接的主语均为后面的名词idioms，为复数形式，均和谓语is不相符合。答案:d诱思：实例点拨【例1】 (XX江西模拟) if you grow up in________ large family,you are more likely to develop ________ability to get on well with________ others.a./;an;the                 b.a;the;/           c.the;an;the            d.a;the;the提示:在句中family为可数名词，故用a；ability表示特指做具体事的能力，前加the;others相当于other people为“其他的人”，the others则为“其他的所有的人”。答案:b讲评:这里主要考查冠词的基本用法,第三处是通过语境得出的答案。【例2】 (XX福建模拟) mum is coming.what present________ for your birthday?a.you expect she has got                      b.you expect has she gotc.do you expect she has got                   d.do you expect has she got提示:what引导的句子为特殊疑问句，因此，其语序应该为疑问性语序。expect引导宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述性语序。答案:c讲评:此处应该注意do you expect和do you think/believe一样为插入语。