dialectic words
from buford’s storystandard english equivalents
hey
y’all
ain’t
yer
ya
pup
swimmin’
jumpin’
feelin’
‘bout
‘nough
shoulda seen
got outtahello everyone aren’tyouryouchildswimmingjumpingfeelingaboutenoughshould have seengot out of6). play the tape again and let the students answer the questions in pairs after listening.7). check the answers. (variant: you may also ask the students to retell buford’s story in standard english in pairs.)iv. speaking1. make sure the students know that the word used for directions often vary depending on what kind of english the speaker uses. present the list to the students:amy (american) lady (british)subway undergroundleft left-hand sidekeep going straight go straight ontwo blocks two streetsright right-hand side2. prepare their role-play in pairs: be sure that one plays a speaker of british english and the other a speaker of american english. ask students to select actual streets and location in their hometown for giving directions.3. performance: ask two pairs to perform their dialogue in class.sample version:s1: excuse me, sir. but i can’t find the drugstore?s2: pardon?s1: i said i couldn’t find the chemist’s shop.s2: well, go round the corner on your right-hand side, straight on and cross the flyover. you will find it ahead.s1: thank you very much.s3: what did he say?s1: he told us to go round the corner on the right, go straight on and then cross the overpass. the drugstore will be ahead.self-assessment criteria:did you cooperate well with your partner(s) while practicing?can you ask for directions and give directions clearly?can you express your ideas fluently? if not, what’s your main problem?did you go naturally between american english and british english while talking to each other.v. writing1. making a posterfirst ask the students to make educated guesses about how english can help some aspect of chinese life, in particular its economy.then, in pairs students work on their poster.finally, ask several pairs to present their poster in class for assessment.a sample poster china’s future lies with learning englishreasons for learning english:※ world trade is done in english;※ international organization (such as the un) use english;※ we need contact with the developed western world to build our country;※ the developed world uses english in its dealings.why the chinese language will not do?※ very few people in the west speak chinese;※ chinese is a difficult language to learn;※ most businessmen do not have time to learn new languages every time they enter a new international market.so china’s future lies with learning english2.writing assessment1) can you give persuasive reasons for the topic on your poster?2) can you verbalize your ideas fluently?3) can you put your own english learning experiences into a broader perspective?4) can you organize your ideas in a logical way?5) have you made a brainstorming map before you set out to design your poster? do you think it helps your writing?6) what kind of mistakes have you made in your writing? what can you do to avoid such mistakes?further applyingthe teacher may also guide the students to do the writhing task in the workbook on page 53. you may take the following steps:step 1: students pided into groups of four share their own learning experiences and ideas about english learning.step 2: students make a list as follows:my problemsideas for improvementwhy i like englishmy future with englishstep 3: make notes about the paragraphs for the writing.step 4: the teacher helps develop ideas in a positive and encouraging way. step 5: students write about the topic after class as homework. sample version:my experience of learning englishmany people all over the world speak english as their second language. it is not too much to say that it has become an international language. studying english can make life fun. it enables you to watch american movies, read english books and listen to english songs. moreover, as english is an international language, you will be able to communicate with foreigners when you are on a trip abroad. traveling will be more interesting that way. it is a good idea to make friends with foreigners. in my opinion, it is the best way to improve your english. in addition, it will be fun and it will expand your view of the world. if you make friends with a native speaker, you can practice your spoken english more often and then you can communicate with people around the world. you can also become familiar with the customs and habits of different cultures. there are some people who are afraid to make friends with foreigners because they are not confident of their english. however, many foreigners do not care about grammar. they will get your key words in the sentence and figure out the whole meanings. therefore, it is unnecessary to be afraid to make friends with them; just go head!learning english helps us meet different people and learn more about their culture, thus facilitating mutual understanding and harmony. briefly said, english is so useful to us that we should all learn it.part tw teaching resources(第二部分:教学资源)section 1: approaches to process writing 程序写作教学法i. pre-writing1. brainstorminggetting started can be difficult, so students pided into groups quickly produce words and ideas about the writing. 2. planningstudents make a plan of the writing before they start. these plans can be compared and discussed in groups before writing takes place. 3. generating ideasdiscovery tasks such as cubing (students write quickly about the subject in six different ways. 1. describe it 2. compare it 3. associate it 4. analyse it 5. apply it 6. argue for or against it.) 4. questioningin groups, the idea is to generate lots of questions about the topic. this helps students focus upon audience as they consider what the reader needs to know. the answers to these questions will form the basis to the composition. 5. discussing and debatingthe teacher helps students with topics, helping them develop ideas in a positive and encouraging way. ii. focusing ideas 1. fast writingthe students write quickly on a topic for five to ten minutes without worrying about correct language or punctuation. writing as quickly as possible, if they cannot think of a word they leave a space or write it in their own language. the important thing is to keep writing. later this text is revised. 2. group compositionsworking together in groups, sharing ideas. this collaborative writing is especially valuable as it involves other skills (speaking in particular). 3. changing viewpointsa good writing activity to follow a role-play or storytelling activity. different students choose different points of view and think about /discuss what this character would write in a diary, witness statement, etc. 4. varying formsimilar to the activity above, but instead of different viewpoints, different text types are selected. how would the text be different if it were written as a letter, or a newspaper article, etc. iii. evaluating, structuring and editing 1.orderingstudents take the notes written in one of the pre-writing activities above and organize them. what would come first? why? here it is good to tell them to start with information known to the reader before moving onto what the reader does not know. 2. self-editinga good writer must learn how to evaluate their own language to improve through checking their own text, looking for errors, structure. this way students will become better writers. 3. peer editing and proofreadinghere, the texts are interchanged and the evaluation is done by other students. in the real world, it is common for writers to ask friends and colleagues to check texts for spelling, etc. you could also ask the students to reduce the texts, to edit them, concentrating on the most important information. 4. the importance of feedbackit takes a lot of time and effort to write, and so it is only fair that student writing is responded to suitably. positive comments can help build student confidence and create good feeling for the next writing class. it also helps if the reader is more than just the teacher. class magazines, swapping letters with other classes, etc. can provide an easy solution to providing a real audience.5. writing as communicationprocess writing is a move away from students writing to test their language towards the communication of ideas, feelings and experiences. it requires that more classroom time is spent on writing, but as the previously outlined activities show, there is more than just writing happening during a session dedicated to process writing. 6. potential problemswriting is a complex process and can lead to learner frustration. as with speaking, it is necessary to provide a supportive environment for the students and be patient. this approach needs that more time be spent on writing in class, but as you have seen, not all classroom time is spent actually writing. students may also react negatively to reworking the same material, but as long as the activities are varied and the objectives clear, then they will usually accept doing so. in the long term, you and your students will start to recognise the value of a process writing approach as their written work improves.section 2: background information on english around the worldi. british english, american english and chinesecars and drivingbritish englishamerican englishchinesecar parkparking lot 停车场driving licensedriver's license驾照flyover overpass天桥four waycrossroads十字路口hire carrental car 租用车motorwayfreeway(western u.s.)expressway (eastern u.s.)高速公路petrolgasoline(gas)汽油tyretire轮胎windscreenwindshield挡风玻璃foodbritish englishamerican englishchinesebiscuitcookie饼干chipsfrench fries炸土豆片crispspotato chips油炸土豆片jacket potatobaked potato带皮烤的马铃薯jamjelly 酱mince hamburger碎牛肉;牛肉饼porridge oatmeal稀饭puddingdessert布丁;甜点sweetdessert餐后甜点tincan罐头othersbritish englishamerican englishchineseautumnfall 秋天 billcheck清单bin linertrash bag垃圾袋botanic gardenbotanical garden植物园bracessuspenders吊裤带;吊杆charitynon-profit organization慈善机构chemist’spharmacy/drug store药店cinema movie theater, theater电影院coachbus长途汽车diydo it yourself自己动手做dustbintrash can垃圾箱engaged (as in telephone)busy(电话)占线fee (for schooling)tuition学费fit (verb)equip, fit out安装flat apartment 单元住宅footballsoccer 足球freephonetoll-free免费电话toll-freedress (noun)外衣;服装gentsmen’s room男厕headmasterprincipal男厕hire (hire a car)rent (rent a car)租借holidayvacation假日illsick有病的in future in the future未来,将来in hospital in the hospital住院join the trainget on the train 上火车jumpersweater毛线衫licence (noun) license执照liftelevator电梯lorrytruck卡车mathsmath数学nilzero零notebill纸币on stream on line在生产中postmail邮件queueline长队railwayrailroad铁路returnround trip返程rise (noun - in salary)raise加薪rubbereraser橡皮擦rucksackbackpack背包shopping trolleyshopping car购物手推车“sorry” “excuse me”, “pardon me”对不起stand (for election)run (for election)竞选swear word curse word咒语subwayunderpass餐巾subwayunderpass地下道;地铁tea toweldish towel餐巾telephone boxtelephone booth电话亭toilet restroom厕所torchflashlight火炬trainerssneakers运动鞋transport (noun)transportation运输trouserspants裤子trolleycart手推车tube subway 地铁undergroundsubway地铁vestundershirt背心waistcoatvest马甲ii. different english, different spellingsamerican englishtheater, center, litercolor, honor, labor, favor, vaportraveler, woolenskillful, fulfillcheckprogramstoryrealize, analyze, apologizedefense, offense, licenseburneddreamedsmelledspelledspoiledbritish englishtheatre, center, litrecolour, honour, labour, favour, vapourtraveler, woolenskilful, fulfilchequeprogrammestoreyrealise, analyse, apologisedefence, offence, licenceburnt/burneddreamt/dreamedsmelt/smelledspelt/spelledspoilt/spoilediii.websites recommended to the students 推荐网站www.e-l-e.net.cn www.bg-map.comwww.esl.about.com www.english-zone.comwww.effingpot.com www.topics-mag.com going to any of the websites may enable the students to learn more about the differences between american english and british english.section 3: words and expressions from unit 2 english around the world include 1. v. to be one of the parts; to make something or someone part of a larger group: our tour party included several retired couples. the team is looking strong; especially now they have included beckham. 2. including & included: everyone has to go to the dentist’s, you included. there were twelve of us, including tom and me.role: n. 1. the character played by an actor in a play or film; the position that someone has in society or an organization: matthews plays the role of a young doctor in the film. women are often forced into a supportive role in the family. 2. play a leading/major/key role in=be important in making changes happen: mandela played a leading role in ending apartheid in south africa. because of=as the result of a particular thing or someone’s action: he had to retire because of ill health. c.f. she got the job because she was the best candidate. native: 1. adj. your native country or town is the place where you were born: they never saw their native land again. 2. native language/tongue: the language you spoke when you first learned to speak. 3. n. a person who was born in a particular place:are you a native of new york?come up: 1. to be mentioned:a lot of new questions came up at the meeting. 2. to be about to happen soon:don’t you have a birthday coming up soon? 3. to move near someone or something by walking: come up to the front of the room so everyone can see you.other verbal phrases of “come”come about=to happen in a way that seems impossible to control; come across= to meet or find something or someone by chance; come along=get along; to appear at a time you don’t expect; to encourage sb. to try harder; come by=to obtain something that is difficult to find; come up with=to think of an idea; (the small word “come” has many phrasal verbs. it is better to ask the students to refer to a good dictionary.)present: adj. 1. be present: a) to be in a particular place: how many people were present at the meeting yesterday?(opposite of “ absent”) b) to be remembered for a long time: the memory of the disaster last year is still present in her mind. 2. (only before noun) existing now: what’s your present address? c.f. what he said amused all the people present.such as: used to give an example of something; such…as/that: used to emphasize that there is a small amount of something or that it is of good quality: the local economy still relies on traditional industries such as farming and mining. c.f. such food as they gave us was warm and nutritious.command: 1. vi & vt. to tell someone officially to do something, esp. if you are a military leader or a king to get something such as attention or respect: the general commanded that the regiment (should) attack at once. or the general commanded the regiment to attack at once. dr. young commands a great deal of respect as a surgeon. 2. get/ have a good command of english=to get/have a good mastery of english.request: 1. vt. to ask for something politely or formally request that (should) + v/ request sb. to do sth.: the staff requested that he reconsider his decision. all club members are requested to attend the annual meeting. 2. n. a polite demand for something: they have made a urgent request for international aid.recognize: vt. 1. to know who someone is or what something is, because you have ever seen them or it before: susan came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognized her. 2. to accept that an organization has legal or official authority: british medical qualifications are recognized in canada. 3. be recognized as= to be thought of as being very good by a lot of people: jules verne’s novel was recognized as a work of genius.
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