Module 1        Deep  South

module 1        deep  south
introduction
1. run away 突然离开；逃离    run away from sth  避开，回避 
1） he ran away from home at the age of thirteen.他十三岁时离家出走。
2） he broke the window and ran away.他打破窗子逃走了。
3） don’t let your imagination run away with you,不要想入非非。
2. on earth 在世界上on the earth 在地球上 in the earth 在地下（里）
1） we buried the body of the dog in the earth..我们把那条狗的尸体埋在地下。
 on earth 可用在when ,what , who , how , why , which 等之后，加强语气，意为“究竟，到底”
1） what on earth is it?这究竟是什莫？
3．would like to do sth  feel like doing sth  想要做某事
                  antarctica：the last continent 
找出文中两个倒装句：
1．only two types of flowering plants are found , while there are no trees on the large continent.仅发现了两类开花类植物，然而这片广阔的大陆上没有树木生长。
2．not until the late 18th century did the british explorer james cook cross the antarctic circle, but he never saw land.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却始终未发现任何陆地。
language study：
1. with annual rainfall close to zero, antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲年降水量几乎为零，严格的说该区域就是一片荒漠。
2. a high mountain range, the trans- antarctica range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.一条高耸的山脉横贯南极洲，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。
3. 处于一种冰冻状态in a frozen state
  in good / bad state  情况好/糟     in a ….state   /  in a state of…. 处于… 状态
1）the vice president is in a state of poor health.副总统健康状况不佳。
4．98%of the surface is (be)covered permanently ( 永久的)in the ice cap（冰帽）
百分数加名次作主语时，谓语动词的单复述要根据名词来决定。
1）40%of the money has been used up.40%的钱已被花光。
2)85%of he workers are out of work..85%的工人找不到工作。
5．on average (平均)it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of （深度）five kilometers.
  depth n  深度  deep adj. 深的 /. adv 深深地   deeply  adv.深深地
in depth 广泛地；深入地
1)they talked deep in to the night.他们谈到深夜。
2) i was deeply moved by the story made up.我被他编的故事深深感动了。
3）we should discuss the problems in depth .我们应该深入地讨论这些问题。
4）how do i love you? let me count the ways. i love you to the depth and breadth and height my soul can reach.问我爱你有多深？让我告诉你：我的爱如天高，如地广，如海深。
6． strong winds driven by gravity（受地球重力的驱动）blow from the pole （极地）to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast.（同时也有其他方向吹来的风）
7． yet antarctica is full of（充满） wildlife , which has adapted to（适应） its extreme （极度的）conditions
adapt to =adjust oneself to 使适应
1）she adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快适应了这种新气候。
8．gases and minerals , in the forms of volcanic dust trapped in the ice(以火山灰形式封冻在冰层里), can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages.
trap v. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱 trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
 1）they were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在发生火灾地宾馆里。
 2)he trapped me into admitting i had done it.他诱骗我事情是我干的。
9．since most antarctic rocks are dark in colour(在颜色上) , they stand out （显眼，出色）against the white background and are easy to identify（确认，验明） and collect.
stand out 显眼，出色
 1）the red flag stood out against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下，红旗格外耀眼。
10．then in 1895,a norwegian called carstens borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on (踏上，进入)the antarctic mainland.
11．a spirit of international friendship has replaced the rivalry that existed between many of the earlier explorers.一种国际友谊已经代替了早期探险家之间的互相竟争。
rivalry n. （不断的）竞争  rival n. 竞争者 v。 与。。竞争，与。。。匹敌
1) none of us can rival him in strength.我们当中没有人力气比他大。
2) he is my father’s rival in trade. 他是我父亲商场上的对手。
12．in particular(尤其), it aims to keep antarctica free from （免于）nuclear tests and radioactive wastes  （放射性污染）
13．antarctica has become perhaps the most successful symbol of man’s efforts to work together for progress and peace.南极洲或许已经成为人类为和平与发展而共同努力的最成功的标志。
14.but the long antarctica winter night, which lasts for 182 days( the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there .但是，南极洲漫漫冬夜将持续182天，（世界上最长的连续的黑夜）还有其严寒，雨量的缺乏，这都意味着很少种类的植物能在那里生存。