2020高考英语一轮复习Unit 21-Unit 22

XX高考英语一轮教学案大纲版

unit 21-unit 22

提纲挈领

单元

考查重点及热点

unit 21

单词

unfair  customer  avoid  suitcase  ahead  manage  fold  vary  crazy  part  firm  handshake  bow  fist  bend  tap  gently  anger  useless  occur  focus  specific

短语

ahead of  give sb. a hand  get through  tear down  hold up  make a face  in order

句型

while句型结构

unit 22

单词

amusement  souvenir  attraction  collection  castle  minority  cartoon  thrill  educate conservation  coastal  pide  section  shuttle  butterfly  injury  rocket  helicopter carve  achievement  civilization  prevent  handbag  twist  darkness  imagination designer  endless

短语

cut off  tell the truth  take turns  stare at  a variety of

句型

“问路及应答”的交际用语

unit 21理解:要点诠释

单词1.avoid讲: v. 避免；防止；回避；避开；躲避avoid可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语例：fortunately,we were able to avoid an accident.我们幸而逃过了一场灾难。i tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me.我尽量避免遇见他，因为他总是使我厌烦。a single woman should avoid walking on dark streets at night.单身女子应该避免夜间在黑暗的街道上走路。i’ve been avoided getting down to work all day.我一整天都刻意不投入工作。链接·提示    (1)avoidable adj. 可避免的    (2)avoidance n. 逃避；回避练：i crossed the street to _________ meeting him,but he saw me and came running towards me.a.get                       b.avoid               c.try               d.stop提示:从下文可知，我不想见他。故选b。答案:b2.manage讲： v. 经营；管理（同义词:operate）；操纵；对付；设法做成；设法维持例：he is managing the business for his father.他在代他父亲做生意。he couldn’t manage his horse,and it threw him to the ground.他驾驭不了他的马，马把他摔在地上。he managed to organize a live concert.=he succeeded in organizing a live concert.他设法组织了一次现场直播的音乐会。i have to manage with 10 dollars till payday.我得用10块钱支撑到发薪日。can you manage another cake?你还能再吃个蛋糕吗？链接·提示    (1)manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.设法做成某事；try to do sth.表示尽力做某事，但不知道最终的结果；try doing sth.试图做某事；attempt to do尽力做。    (2)management n. 经营；管理；处理操作    (3)manager n. 经理练：(1)—would you like me to do it for you?—no,thanks._________.a.i’m on my own                                b.it’s my businessc.it’s up to you                                  d.i can manage myself提示:从 “no,thanks”可知，答话人谢绝了对方的帮助，因此用i can manage myself表示“我自己能应付得了”。答案:d(2)—i ______ him to give up smoking,but failed.—let me try.a.persuaded                                    b.managed to advisec.tried to persuade                               d.suggested提示:从下文可以看出，没有劝成。故选c。答案:c(3)i ________ to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage,but i _______ it.a.hoped;hadn’t managed                         b.has hoped;didn’t managec.hope;don’t manage                            d.had hoped;didn’t manage提示:表示“原希望做某事，实际上没有做成”，用had hoped。答案:d3.occur讲： vi. 发生；（念头、想法等）想起；浮现；出现；存在例：it is said that the accident occurred at midnight.据说那车祸是深夜发生的。three misprints occur on the first page.第一页有三个地方印错。链接·提示    (1)短语occur to sb.的意思为come into sb.’s mind “想起；想到”。    an idea has occurred to me.我想到了一个主意。    也可以使用句型:it occurs to sb.that...    it occurred to me that we should go there more often.    我想到我们应该更经常地到那里去。    (2)下列动词或短语都有“发生”的意思，并且都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态:happen,take place,break out;come about。练：it suddenly ________ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.a.happened                b.occurred              c.thought             d.took place提示:分析语境可以看出，此处应该使用occur to sb.短语结构，表示“突然想到”。此句中的it为形式主语，that从句为实际主语。答案:b

短语1.get through讲：该短语的义项有：接通（电话）；完成（工作）；通过（考试）；抵达例：the bill didn’t go through.该议案未被通过。tom failed but his sister got through.汤姆考试不及格但他妹妹及格了。a smile can help us get through difficult situations.一个微笑可以使我们摆脱困境。i called all day yesterday,but i couldn’t get through(to you).昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没有办法打通（联络到你）。he has got through all his money.他的钱都花光了。链接·拓展    (1)get across 过……（不用被动语态）；与……沟通    the bridge fell down just after we got across(it).    我们刚过去桥，桥就塌了。    i just can’t get across to him.我无法和他沟通。    (2)get along/on设法度过；相处（和with连用）；进展（和with连用）    we’ll get along without that much money somehow.    即使没有那么多的钱，我们也能设法过日子。    how are you getting along with your new girlfriend?    你和新女友相处得如何？    how are you getting along with your work?    你的工作进展得如何？    (3)get away (from)摆脱（某人）；逃离（某地）；离开；脱身    i’m afraid i can’t get away from the meeting.    我恐怕难以从会议上脱身。    (4)get down 下来    the kitten climbed the tree and couldn’t get down.    那只小猫爬上树但下不来。    (5)get down to 开始做（to为介词）    he got down to business immediately he sat at the desk.    他一坐下就开始工作。    (6)get around/about传播；流传；各处走动    she gets around with the help of a stick.    她拄着拐棍到处走动。    news soon gets around that he has resigned.    他辞职的消息很快传开了。    (7)get back返回；回去；回家；找回    what time did you get back last night?    你昨晚什么时间回家的？    i never lend books —you never get them back.    我的书从不外借 ——借出去的书就收不回来。    (8)get together聚会；联欢    we must get together for a drink sometime.    我们什么时间得聚在一起喝一杯。练：(1)how can he ________ without money for food during the journey?a.get together               b.get along           c.get back          d.get down提示:句意为:旅行中没有钱买吃的，他是怎么过的?答案:b(2)(XX云南统一检测) —can you finish the reports today?—sure.i’ve _________ half of them already.a.got away from            b.got down to          c.got around        d.got through提示:get through意为“到达；做完；通过”，get away from意为“逃离”，get down to意为“开始认真考虑”，get around意为“到处走动，传播出去，回避”。答案：d(3)(XX辽宁模拟) the final examination is coming up soon.it’s time for us to ______ our studies.a.get down to              b.get out               c.get back for       d.get over提示:根据题意，应选a项，get down to的意思是“开始干；着手干”，其中的to为介词。答案:a2.hold up讲：该短语的义项有:举起；拿起；举出；阻塞；阻滞。例：i held up my hand to show that i had a question.我举手表示有问题。we were help up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam.我们在前往机场的路上因堵车而延误了。链接·拓展    (1)hold back缩回；制止；隐瞒    hold your head back.把头缩回去。    they must do something to hold back rushing fans.    他们必须想法挡住蜂拥而来的慕名者。    you must be holding something back from me.    你一定对我隐瞒着什么。    (2)hold off 使……保持距离；拖延    she hates children and tries to hold them off.    她讨厌小孩，总是设法远离他们。    hold off for a minute.延缓一分钟。    (3)hold on继续；坚持；不挂断（电话）；固定    the storm held on all night.暴风雨持续了一夜。    how much longer can we hold on?我们能再坚持多久？    hold on a minute.等一会儿（别挂断）。    (4)hold on to 抓住；执著于；固守    the little girl held on to the tail of his coat.    那小女孩抓住他外套的下摆。    (5)hold out伸出；维持    the lady held out her hand to him.    那女士向他伸出手。    our food supplies won’t hold out(=last) long.    我们的食品存量维持不了多久。    (6)catch/get/lay/seize/take hold of抓住    he was caught hold of by the arm.    他的手腕被抓住。练：(1)—can i speak to shannon,please?— ________she is getting changed.a.who are you?                                b.hold on,please!c.speaking.                                   d.are you john?提示:从句意看，本题考查打电话用语，应该选b。答案:b(2)we thought of selling this old furniture；but we’ve decided to _______ it.it might be valuable.a.hold on to                                   b.keep up withc.turn to                                      d.look after提示:句意为:我们原来打算卖掉这个旧家具，但是我们已经决定不卖了，它可能会有价值。从句意看，此空中应填“留着(not sell)”的意思的词，故用a项。hold on to表示“抓住，固守，不放弃”。答案:a(3)what a pity!i missed meeting my boss at the airport because my car was_____in the traffic jam.a.broken up                                  b.kept backc.held up                                    d.kept up提示:从句意看应该选c，hold up表示“阻滞”。答案:c3.as to讲:该短语的义项有:至于；关于as to后面跟名词，短语和从句。例：there are also differences as to how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.至于身体接触的频率、谈话双方站立的距离、见面和告别的动作也有差别。as to money,he is indifferent.关于钱，他漠不关心。she was at a loss as to how to explain it.她全然不知道该如何说明这件事。i enjoy going to the movies.but as to/as for the theater,i prefer staying at home.我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁愿留在家里。链接·拓展    (1)as for sb./sth.就……而论；至于    as for me,i have nothing to complain of.    至于我，我没有什么可抱怨的。    (2)as from/as of(指起始时间或日期)自……起    our fax number is changing as from may 12.    我们的传真号码自5月12日起更改。    (3)as if/as though好像；仿佛练：soccer is the most truly international team sport,but there’s still some question ______ whether it should be called a game or open warfare.a.due to                   b.in addition             c.as to             d.owing to提示:due to和owing to的意思是“由于”；in addition的意思是“除……之外；此外”；as to的意思是“至于；关于”。依据句意，选c项。答案:c

句型while句型结构讲：注意观察下面教材原句:while there are many different interpretations of our body language,some gestures seem to be universal.尽管对于身势语的解释五花八门，但某些手势似乎是全球通用的。pressing one’s palms together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “i’m tired.”双手合十，把头贴在手背上，同时闭上眼睛好像睡着的样子，意思是“我累了”。例：while i admit his good points,i can see still his shortcomings.尽管我承认他有优点，我还是能看到他的缺点的。while i understand your viewpoint,i don’t agree with you.虽然我了解你的见解，我还是不能同意你。i earn only 50 dollars a week,while he earns 80 dollars.我一星期只赚50美元，而他却赚80美元。he took a bath while i was preparing dinner.我准备晚餐的时候他在洗澡。he watched tv while eating.他边吃东西边看电视。链接·提示    (1)while作连词时，主要意思有:①表示时间，意思是“在……期间；当……时候；与……同时”；②表示转折对比，意思是“然而；但”；③多用于句首，表示让步，意思是“虽然；尽管”。(2)while引导的从句与主句的主语相同，且while从句的动词为be时，while从句的主语和be动词有时被省略。练：(XX江苏模拟) ________ i accept that he is not perfect,i do actually like the person.a.while                     b.since              c.before            d.unless提示:本题考查从属连词的用法。从题干内容看，主句和从句之间存在让步关系，而连词while含有“虽然、虽则”之意，故选a项。答案:a

辨析1.through,acrossacross(横过、穿过)着重指从一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边。其含义与on有关。through(穿过，从……通过)着重指空间的一头纵穿到另一头。其含义与in有关。即时练习:(1)a train is running _______ the tunnel.(2)don’t run _______ the street while the traffic light is red.(3)there is a shop _______ the road.(4)i don’t think he will live _______ the night.答案:(1)through  (2)across  (3)across  (4)through2.no one,none(1)no one用来指人，不能接of短语，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2)none不仅指人也可指物，其后常接of短语，构成“none of+名词/代词”结构，当名词或代词为复数时，谓语动词用单复数均可。(3)回答how many引起的问句用none;回答who引起的问句用no one。即时练习:(1) _______ likes a person with bad manners.(2) _______ of his friends came to help him.(3)almost _______ believes him.(4) _______ of them has/have seen him.(5)—who entered the room?—_______.(6)—how many students are there in the classroom?—_______.答案:(1)no one  (2)none  (3)no one  (4)none  (5)no one  (6)none诱思:实例点拨【例1】 (XX浙江模拟) i couldn’t _______.the line was busy.a.go by                 b.go around           c.get in            d.get through提示:go by经过；go around传播；get in收割；get through接通，打通。从句意看应该选d。答案:d【例2】 (XX山东模拟) what shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _______?a.given out              b.put out             c.held up           d.used up提示:本题考查动词短语的辨析。give out 用完，耗尽；put out 扑灭，把某物放在外边，发布/出版等；hold up 阻碍或延误某人/物，以武力/暴力威胁抢劫；use up 是最大的干扰项，使用use up时，人作主语，表示把某物用完(尽)，而本题中，要选的动词的主语是物oil,故答案只能选a。答案:a讲评:对于考查动词短语的题，除了要牢记动词短语的意义，还要注意各个动词短语的不同用法。【例3】 (XX湖南模拟) he suddenly saw sue _______ the room.he pushed his way _______ the crowd of people to get to her.a.across;across                              b.over;throughc.over;into                                 d.across;through提示:句意为:他突然看见sue走到了房间那边，他挤过人群向她走过去。across和 through分别表示从表面上和内部穿过；over表从上面越过；into表进入。由room可知，第一空用across；“穿过人群”则用through。故选d。答案:d讲评:准确把握各个介词的意思是做此类题的关键。