高中英语必修四Unit 2  Working the land导学稿

高中英语必修四unit 2  working the land导学稿
ⅰ. reading comprehension
1. the whole passage mainly talks about ________.
a. how to solve the world’s hunger problem   b. how to increase rice harvests
c. yuan longping’s achievements in farming   d. yuan longping’s daily life
2. if you met yuan longping face to face, you would think him to be a farmer because ________.
a. he is one on of the agricultural pioneers in the world
b. he works on the land to do his research and has a sunburnt face
c. he has made great achievements in farming
d. he wears simple clothes as other farmers
3. although yuan longping is rich and famous, he wants to ________.
a. earn much more money to help others    b. spend more time on his hobbies
c. lead a simple life        d. lead a comfortable life
4. what’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
a. yuan longping’s another dream is to export his rice.
b. yuan longping proves that one dream is not always enough.
c. yuan longping always has a lot of dreams when theeping
d. dreams can help people make greater achievements.
5. what can we infer from the passage?
a. dr. yuan is the first agricultural pioneer in the world grow rice that has a high output.
b. dr. yuan is not really satisfied with his wife.
c. in the 1950’s, many parts of the countryside were short of food.
d. his way of increasing rice harvest only works in some asian countries.

1. what’s the main idea of the text?
a. organic farmers use man methods to keep the soil fertile.
b. chemical fertilizer is better than chemical fertilizer.
c. natural fertilizer is better than chemical fertilizer.
d. organic farmers prefer chemical fertilizer because it can improve the soil.
2. according to the text, which of the following is not the problem caused by chemical fertilizer?
a. crop diseases can be stopped.
b. chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.
c. the helpful bacteria and pests are killed as well as the harmful ones.
d. many of these fertilizers are dangerous to people’s health.
3. which of the following is true?
a. organic farmers prefer chemical fertilizers.
b. organic farmers prefer using natural waste from animals.
c. all farming is organic farming.
d. farmers often grow the same crops year after year.
4. organic farming refers to ________.
a. all crops produced on farms   b. crops growing with chemical fertilizers
c. crops growing with natural fertilizers d. crops growing with both natural and chemical fertilizers
5. how many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healphy?
a. 3    b. 4    c. 5    d. 6
ii. writing
根据下列提示，以“development of agriculture in china”为题，写一篇短文，介绍中国农业的发展史。
1. 中国是一个有13亿人口的大国；
2. 在过去的20年里，中国发生了巨大的变化，特别是农业；现代生物技术在农业中起着重要的作用；
3. 中国仅有占世界7%的土地，就是用这些耕地，农民们生产了供给全中国人口的粮食；
4. 渔业重要，淡水鱼随处可见；
5. 人们还利用废弃的疏菜来养鸡和猪；利用废物产生的气体来供热和煮饭；
6. 如果世界上的其他地方也像中国一样充分发展农业，就不会再有饥饿了。
词数：100左右
参考词汇：淡水鱼 freshwater fish; 废物waste; 饥饿 starvation
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one possible version:
development of agriculture in china
china is a large country with a population of 1.3 billion. in the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in china, especially in agriculture where modern biotech nology plays a
great important part. china has only 7% of the world’s land. it is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of china. fishing is important and freshwater fish can be seen everywhere. vegetable waste is used to feed pigs and chickens. gas produced from human and animal waste is used for heating and cooking. if the rest of the world also fully developed agriculture like china, there would be no starvation.

iii.词语辨析
1. expand / extend / spread / stretch
【解释】 
expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张
extend 强调向某一方向的延长
spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开
stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，颈由曲变直，由短变长的伸展或伸出，多与out连用
【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。
1). the man _______ the information around.
2). the empire _______ its country in the 16th century.
3). the road builders worked hard to _______ the high way.
4). she _______ out her hands to meet me.
5). the project will _______ the city’ s telephone network to cover 1000000 users.
2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession
【解释】
occupation 指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。
job       可数，非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。
work     不可数，多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。
employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。
career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。
profession 指必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。
【练习】用occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession的适当形式填空。
1). she has a good ________ in the bank.
2). she is an architect by ________.
3). she abandoned her stage ________.
4). graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ________.
5). please write down your name, ________ and address here in the form.
iv.重点词汇
1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
1). they were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。
2). the book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。
[词语归纳]
struggle for 为……而斗争     struggle with / against与……作斗争
struggle to do sth.努力做某事    straggle to one’ s feet挣扎着站起来
a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). they are _______ _______(为……而斗争) the position.
2). they struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the japanese.(介词)
3). the fox struggled _______ _______(escape).
4). he _______ _______ _______ _______ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.

2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备  equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
1). they equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。
2). a good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。
[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物
equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物
a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). the soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.
2). we must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.
3). this library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.
4). our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.

3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜
1). if you go now, you’ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得后悔。
2). i regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。
[重点用法]
regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知
regret doing / having done sth. 后悔做了某事          regret that 遗憾/后悔…
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). i now regret _______ (leave) school so young. 
2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), i am unable to accept your invitation.
3). i regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.

4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩  reduction n.缩减，减少，降低
1). he reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤。
2). the reform has reduced us to servants of the state. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。
[重点用法]
reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物从……减少到……    reduce sth. by... 减少多少
[练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。
1). we must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month.
2). their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent.

5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦  n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点   
1). focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。
2). her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。
[重点用法]
focus on集中于  focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于 
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). the focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues.
2). all eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her.
3). they focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment.

6.comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论  
1). the scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻引起了很多议论。
2). “will you resign, minister?” “no comment!”“部长，你要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”
[重点用法]
comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论
make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). have you any comment(s) _______ _______(make) on the recent developments?
2). asked about the date of the election, the prime minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made.
3). she was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it.
v. 重点词组
1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语) x k b1. co m
1). thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。
2). thanks to the bad weather, the match has been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。
[重点用法]
thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：
1). he was injured due to /owing to a car accident.
2). his failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.
3). the train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow.
4). it was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game .
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。
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2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句)
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3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。
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2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱……
1). many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。
2). the dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙医把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。
[重点用法] rid 短语：
be rid of 摆脱     get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉  rid oneself of debt 还清债务
[类似用法动词]
inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人……
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). he struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.
2). the proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption.
3). i still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold.
4). the sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.
5). the passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.

3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意
1). i was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。
2). you’ve done well at school. i’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。
[重点用法]
sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意    sb. is satisfied sth. 对……表示满足或满意
be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意   be satisfied that clause 对做……感到满意
a satisfied smile 满意的微笑     a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客
feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感   to sb’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足  it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的
a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出
get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work 从自己的工作中得到满足
[练习] 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。
1). i am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. you must improve it.
2). the result doesn’t ________ (satisfy) me.
3). what he has done is far from ________ (satisfy).
4). he hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.
5). it can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden.
6). finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.

4. would rather 宁愿……
1). i’ d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。
2). “some more wine?” “thank you, i’ d rather not. i have to drive home.”“再来一点酒好吗?”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。”
[重点用法]
would rather do a (than do b) = would (prefer to) do a (rather than do b) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事)
would rather (that) sb. did / had done sth.宁愿某人做某事
[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). i would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards.
2). rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, i prefer _______ _______(walk).

5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
1). you need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。
2). he is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.
2). exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.
3). they have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.

6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往
1). this misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。
2). his actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。
[短语归纳] lead短语：
lead sb. to 把某人带到           lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事      lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事
[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。
1). he had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.
2). our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.
3). too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.
4). he will lead the party of scientists _______ _______(do) the research.
5). failure often lies in laziness while hard work     _    ________ success.

7. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
1). we should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。
2). i hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). we’ ve managed to _______ the garden _______ _______ weeds this year.
2). relaxation exercises can _______ your body _______ _______ tension.
vi.重点句子
1. in 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1974年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
[解释] 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/right/only/very/... + n. + to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物，如：
1). he is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离开的（学生）。
2). the last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船长。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). i think he is the right person ________ (tell) her about this.
2). i’ d be the first ________ (admit) i might be wrong.

2. this special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
[解释] make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时真正的宾语是从句。常和动词consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等连用。如：he felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。再如：
1). the bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.
2). we make it a rule to do some english practice before class.
3). tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.
4). do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin?
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 我们觉得帮助那些贫穷的孩子是我们的职责。
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vii.课文佳句背诵与仿写
1.【原句】indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 事实上，他黑黝黝的脸和胳膊和他的苗条，强壮的身体就像那些数以百万计的中国农民的一样，在过去50年来他一直为他们而奋斗。
 [模仿要点] 句子结构： 主句，+ 介词+which 引导的定语从句
【模仿1】在学校里，他学习许多科目，如英语，物理，化学等，其中他最喜欢英语。
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【模仿2】他有许多爱好，如打篮球，读小说，集邮，他最喜欢集邮。
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2．【原句】dr yuan longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植被称之为高产量的杂交水稻。
 [模仿要点] 句子结构：主句+what/whatever 引导的宾语从句
【模仿1】学生喜欢生活中如何新的东西。
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【模仿2】通过考试，学生可以了解他们的弱点从而更加努力学习。
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3．【原句】born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, dr yuan graduated from southwest agricultural college in 1953. 1930年出生于一个贫穷的农民家庭，，袁博士于1953年毕业于西南农业大学。
 [模仿要点] 句子结构： 过去分词作状语，+ 主句
【模仿1】配备了电子词典，学生觉得学习英语更容易和更方便了。
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【模仿2】位于城市的中心地带，这座公园给市民带来很多享受。